10 Alien Creatures You’ll Only Encounter While Blackwater Diving

20/9/2025

After sunset, the Andaman Sea between Thailand and Myanmar transforms into a mysterious, living galaxy. Beneath the surface, beyond coral reefs and moonlit shallows, unfolds the planet’s largest nightly migration — as billions of deep-sea creatures rise from the abyss in search of food.
Blackwater diving offers a front-row seat to this breathtaking phenomenon. Suspended in the inky darkness by a tether line and surrounded by carefully placed lights, divers float above hundreds of meters of open ocean — face-to-face with glowing jellyfish, larval fish, paper-thin cephalopods, and other strange, rarely seen life forms.

What makes Blackwater Diving So Special?

Because it is offshore, Blackwater diving isn’t your regular night dive. It’s a window into the mesopelagic zone — the twilight zone of the ocean where light barely penetrates, and bioluminescence reigns supreme. Every night, marine larvae and deep-sea organisms make brief appearances near the water surface. Each dive is unpredictable, filled with fleeting encounters that might never happen again.
Whether you're in the Andaman Sea or Blackwater diving elsewhere, these are the 10 of the most extraordinary pelagic creatures divers may only encounter on blackwater dives.

**1. Blanket Octopus (Tremoctopus spp.)**

The Blanket Octopus (Tremoctopus spp.) is a striking deep-sea cephalopod known for the large, web-like membranes that trail from the arms of females, resembling a flowing blanket. This structure is used for defense, making the octopus appear larger to predators. Females can grow over 2 meters long, while males are tiny, rarely exceeding a few centimeters—one of the most extreme examples of sexual size dimorphism in the animal kingdom. Found in warm open oceans worldwide, Blanket Octopuses are solitary and rarely seen. They are capable swimmers and can detach parts of their web to distract threats. Remarkably, some use the stinging tentacles of Portuguese man o’ war as tools for defense and hunting.

2. Ctenophores (Comb Jellies)

Comb jellies are among the longest-roaming invertebrate marine creatures on planet Earth. These carnivorous and voracious predators are delicate and gelatinous in structure. They possess eight rows of cilia-bearing plates used for “combing” and propelling themselves through the water. These plates can also produce and refract low levels of light.
Their bodies are composed of more than 95% water and lack respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and skeletal systems. Some species, such as Beroe forskalii, have a mouth used for biting prey — often other ctenophores — and anal pores for excretion.
Other species feature two tentacles covered with sticky cells called colloblasts, which are used to snare prey and draw it toward their mouths. Digestion occurs when enzymes liquefy the captured prey, with the remains expelled either through the mouth or the anal pores.

3. Eel Larvea

Eel larvae, known as leptocephali, are the transparent, ribbon-like early life stage of many marine eel species. Unlike typical fish larvae, leptocephali are laterally compressed, leaf-shaped, and nearly invisible in the water, offering excellent camouflage in the open ocean. They drift with currents for extended periods—sometimes months or years—feeding on dissolved organic matter and marine snow. During this pelagic phase, they grow before undergoing metamorphosis into the more cylindrical "glass eel" stage. From there, they begin their migration toward coastal habitats. The leptocephalus stage reflects the eel’s complex life cycle and plays a key role in marine ecosystems as both predator and prey.

4. Paper Nautilus (Argonauta argo)

The Paper Nautilus (Argonauta argo) is a rare pelagic octopus known for the delicate, paper-thin shell produced by females. Unlike true nautiluses, this shell is not for protection but serves as an egg case and buoyancy aid. Females can grow up to 30 cm and are significantly larger than the tiny, shell-less males. A. argo lives near the ocean surface and is found in warm and temperate seas worldwide. It preys on small crustaceans and jellyfish, using its webbed arms to capture food. The species is known for its graceful movement and is often seen floating or drifting with ocean currents. Despite its fragile appearance, the Paper Nautilus is a highly adapted and mysterious cephalopod, captivating scientists and divers alike with its unique reproductive behavior and ephemeral beauty.

5. Tripod Fish Larvae

Tripod Fish
Youtube

Tripod fish larvae are the juvenile form of deep-sea tripod fish, typically belonging to the genus Bathypterois. Unlike their adult counterparts, which rest on the seafloor using elongated fin rays like stilts, the larvae are pelagic and drift in the open ocean. They are nearly transparent, with soft, delicate bodies adapted for life in the water column. As they develop, the characteristic elongated pelvic and caudal fin rays begin to form, eventually enabling the unique tripod stance seen in adults. These larvae feed on plankton and rely on ocean currents for transport. Their transition from free-floating juveniles to benthic ambush predators is one of the many fascinating adaptations of deep-sea life, reflecting the complexity of marine developmental stages in extreme environments.

6. Snake Blenny Larvae

Snake blennies
Blackwater diving - YouTube

Snake blenny larvae are the early life stage of elongated, eel-like fish in the family Stichaeidae, found in cold and temperate marine waters. Unlike the benthic adults that dwell near rocky or sandy substrates, the larvae are pelagic, drifting in the upper ocean layers. They are nearly transparent, with slender, ribbon-like bodies that offer camouflage from predators. Their large eyes and minimal pigmentation help them navigate and feed on microscopic plankton. As they grow, they begin to develop the characteristic elongated dorsal and anal fins of adult snake blennies. This transformation from a drifting larva to a bottom-dwelling fish illustrates the complex life cycle of many marine species, adapted for survival in both pelagic and benthic zones.

7. Amphipods

Amphipods are small, shrimp-like crustaceans found in marine, freshwater, and even terrestrial environments. With laterally compressed bodies and no carapace, they range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Amphipods are incredibly diverse, with over 10,000 known species, including pelagic, benthic, and parasitic forms. They play vital ecological roles as scavengers, herbivores, and prey for larger animals. Many species live among algae, sediment, or detritus, while others, like deep-sea amphipods, inhabit extreme environments. Their bodies are segmented, with distinct head, thorax, and abdomen regions, and equipped with specialized limbs for swimming, burrowing, or clinging. Amphipods are key contributors to nutrient cycling and food webs across ecosystems.

8. Pelagic Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.)

Pelagic Seahorse
Blackwater diving - YouTube

Pelagic seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) are a rare group of seahorses that live in the open ocean, drifting with currents rather than anchoring to reefs or vegetation like most of their relatives. These seahorses are often found clinging to floating debris, seaweed, or Sargassum, using their prehensile tails for stability. Their bodies are upright, armored with bony plates, and capable of subtle color changes for camouflage. Pelagic seahorses feed on tiny planktonic crustaceans, sucking them in through their tubular snouts. Males carry fertilized eggs in a specialized brood pouch until giving birth to fully formed young. Their life in the open sea makes them difficult to study, but they are a vital part of surface marine ecosystems.

9. Larval Flounder

Flounder
Blackwater diving - YouTube

The larval stage of flounders marks a dramatic transformation in these flatfish. After hatching, flounder larvae are symmetrical and free-swimming, resembling typical fish with an eye on each side of the head. As they develop, a unique metamorphosis occurs: one eye migrates to the opposite side, and the body flattens to adapt to a benthic lifestyle. During this stage, larvae drift in the plankton-rich upper ocean, feeding on microscopic organisms. Their bodies are mostly transparent, aiding in camouflage from predators. Once metamorphosis is complete, the juvenile flounder settles on the seafloor, lying on its blind side. This complex development allows flounders to exploit both pelagic and benthic environments during their life cycle.

10. Squid Larvea

Inshore Squid
Blackwater diving - YouTube

Squid larvae, also known as paralarvae, are the early life stage of squids, emerging from eggs as miniature, free-swimming versions of adults. They are planktonic, drifting in the upper layers of the ocean where they feed on microscopic organisms. These larvae are transparent or semi-transparent, aiding in camouflage, and possess large eyes and developing tentacles. Unlike true larvae, squid paralarvae do not undergo a complete metamorphosis but gradually grow into their adult form. As they mature, they develop the muscular mantle, chromatophores, and jet propulsion used in adult locomotion. Squid larvae play a vital role in marine food webs, serving as prey for fish and other predators while beginning their own journey as agile hunters.

Blackwater Dive Briefing – Safety, Awareness & Expectations

Blackwater diving is a thrilling and unique experience, but it requires preparation, awareness, and respect for others in the water to ensure a smooth and enjoyable dive for everyone.

What to Expect:
You’ll be tethered to a central downline, suspended in open water hundreds of meters deep, surrounded by darkness and illuminated only by strobes or torches. The environment can be disorienting at first, but it’s also incredibly exhilarating—offering glimpses of rare pelagic life.

Safety & Prerequisites:
● This dive is not for beginners—advanced certification and solid buoyancy control are essential.
●      Prior night diving experience is strongly recommended.
●      Always stay aware of your depth and proximity to the downline.
For underwater photography, use a red focus light to avoid scaring away the animals.

Diver Etiquette & Spatial Awareness:
● Be mindful of your light control—waving your torch around can disturb marine life and irritate other divers. Avoid shining it in other people's eyes, especially when pupils are fully dilated in the dark.
● Always be conscious of your 3D space: move slowly, maintain vertical awareness, and never swim directly under another diver—your bubbles can scare off the subjects they’re observing.
●      It's helpful to coordinate depth zones among divers during the briefing, allowing everyone enough room and reducing overlap. Agreeing on a depth rotation plan can also enhance everyone’s experience.

Personal Tip:

There’s no perfect depth—what works for one diver may not work for another. I find it useful to explore away from the group and return regularly to the main line. This gives space for quiet observation while maintaining a safe reference point.
Stay calm, be respectful, and enjoy the mysterious magic of the blackwater world.

When and Where to Dive

In the Andaman Sea, between Thailand and Myanmar, we’ve been spotting more critters during the full moon — when tidal movement is at its peak.

While blackwater diving is technically possible year-round, we only offer it during the national park season, which runs from October to May.

All our cruises include one FREE blackwater dive when conditions are safe and suitable!

Book Your Blackwater Adventure!

Ready to go beyond the reef and into the unknown? Blackwater diving is an unforgettable highlight of any dive trip — a surreal mix of science, mystery, and raw ocean wonder. Witness alien-like creatures rise from the depths in an experience like no other.

Check our cruise schedule and find the perfect departure to experience this one-of-a-kind dive...

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Shoot schools of fish like a pro! UW photography guide

1/9/2025

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Photographing schools of fish is an exhilarating and captivating experience. Their synchronised movements create stunning patterns, and when captured well, these images can become mesmerizing pieces of art. However, shooting schooling fish presents unique challenges that require a blend of technical expertise, artistic vision, and patience.

Whether you are a novice or an experienced underwater photographer looking to enhance your skills, these seven essential tips will guide you in mastering the art of photographing schools of fish like a pro. By fine-tuning your equipment, learning fish behavior, and employing effective lighting and composition techniques, you can elevate your underwater photography game.

7 Essential Tips To Mastering The Art Of Photographing Schools Of Fish

1. Gear Up: Wide-Angle Lens and Proper Strobe Placement

To effectively capture the dynamic nature of schooling fish, a wide-angle lens is indispensable. Wide-angle lenses allow you to capture the full scope of a school in one frame, giving your shots a sense of scale and grandeur. Popular choices among professionals include fisheye lenses, such as the Tokina 10-17mm, which provide a wide field of view with minimal distortion. This is particularly useful when you are working in close proximity to your subjects.

Lighting in wide-angle underwater photography poses a greater challenge than in macro photography due to the larger subjects or scenes you are working with. It can be difficult to fully illuminate a wide scene with just strobe light, and the added challenge comes from backscatter—the tiny white specks caused by light bouncing off particles in the water. This can ruin your shot, along with the possibility of creating distracting hot spots in your images from overly reflective fish.

To avoid these issues, position your strobes wide, slightly behind the housing of your camera, and angled outward. This technique helps minimize backscatter and prevents harsh reflections from highly reflective fish, allowing for a more balanced exposure that maintains the natural beauty of the scene

2. Camera Settings: Shutter Speed, Aperture, and ISO

When adjusting your aperture, think about your distance from the school of fish.

For shots taken from a distance, an aperture of F5.6 is suitable; for mid-range subjects, F8 works well; and for close-ups in well-lit conditions, F11 will give you a sufficient depth of field to keep both the foreground and background sharp.

If you find yourself in low-light conditions or at deeper depths, you may need to increase your ISO to maintain proper exposure. Raising the ISO (up to 800 or higher, depending on your camera’s capabilities) helps balance the need for fast shutter speeds and smaller apertures without sacrificing image quality. This balance is critical for capturing well-exposed images in the often challenging underwater environment.

understanding aperture in underwater photography

Achieving the right camera settings is crucial for freezing action and ensuring sharpness in your images.

Schools of fish are often in constant motion, so you’ll want to use a fast shutter speed—at least 1/125th of a second, but preferably faster.

For larger schools or particularly speedy species, consider increasing your shutter speed to 1/250th or even 1/500th to ensure you capture the action without motion blur.

understanding shutter speed in underwater photography

3. Composition: Create Depth with Strategic Framing

Capturing the grandeur of a school of fish requires more than just technical precision; it demands creative composition as well. One effective way to add depth to your shots is by positioning yourself below the school and shooting upward. This perspective gives a sense of scale and showcases the fish against the surface, often allowing for beautiful lighting or rippling water as a backdrop.

As schools of fish move together, they often form fascinating patterns such as circles, lines, or spirals. Use these natural formations to create leading lines in your composition. Leading lines guide the viewer's eye through the image, making it more visually engaging.

understanding compostion in underwater photography

For even more dramatic results, frame the school against colorful coral reefs, sea fans, or other underwater elements.

frame the school of fish within a reef scene for more dramatic results

Another useful composition technique is to incorporate divers or larger marine animals into the frame. This approach provides a sense of scale and can make the image more immersive, helping viewers appreciate the size and movement of the school.

this trevalli give a better idea of the size of the school of glassfish

This trevalli gives a better sense of scale to this glassfish school

4. Mastering Natural Light and Strobes

Understanding how light behaves underwater is essential for capturing stunning images.
The quality of light changes dramatically as you descend, with colors fading and shifting at greater depths. Shallow waters often allow for vibrant colors and clear visibility, while deeper dives may require careful consideration of your lighting options. In shallow, clear waters, natural light can create beautiful effects, especially if you shoot upwards towards the surface.

understanding light in underwater phototgraphy

Sunlight create beautiful effects

However, as you dive deeper, relying more on strobes becomes necessary to bring out the true colors of the fish and prevent a washed-out appearance in your images.

The key to effective strobe use lies in balancing artificial lighting with available ambient light. When photographing schools of silvery or reflective fish, it’s wise to turn down your strobe power to avoid hot spots and overexposure. Instead of directly front-lighting your subjects, try using side or backlighting. This technique creates shadows that emphasize the textures and shapes of the fish, enhancing the visual impact of your photos without overwhelming the viewer with bright reflections

the deeper you go the more artificial light you need

5. Predict Fish Behavior: Anticipate Movement for Better Shots

Understanding fish behavior is critical for capturing compelling images. Schools of fish often change direction rapidly, and they may scatter if they sense a predator or diver approaching. Spend some time observing their movements before you begin shooting. This patience will allow you to anticipate where the school may move next, enabling you to position yourself effectively.

When approaching the school, try to do so slowly and quietly. The sound of your bubbles can easily startle fish and cause them to disperse. By holding your breath and moving gently, you can get closer to the school without disturbing their natural formation. If the fish do scatter, take a moment to wait and observe, as they will likely regroup and resume their previous behaviour.

It can also be helpful to use your dive buddy to your advantage. By coordinating with them, you can create a natural pathway for the fish to follow, leading them closer to you for the perfect shot.

predict behaviour for killer shots underwater

tell your diving story through photography

6. Use Depth and Scale to Your Advantage

One of the most impressive aspects of a large school of fish is its sheer scale. To convey this sense of magnitude in your photographs, consider incorporating elements that provide context, such as a diver, a coral reef, or other marine life. This not only adds interest to the shot but also helps viewers appreciate the size and beauty of the school.

using depth of field in underwater photography of schooling fish

schooling barracudas in black and white effect

To create a sense of depth, experiment with layering your compositions. Place elements in the foreground, mid-ground, and background to draw the viewer’s eye through the image. For instance, shooting through a school of fish with a diver or coral in the foreground can create a more immersive experience.

Additionally, consider using techniques like “panning” to convey movement and energy. Panning involves following the movement of the fish with your camera while using a slower shutter speed. This technique can create a beautiful blur effect, emphasizing the speed and grace of the schooling fish while keeping your subject relatively sharp.

underwater photography, understanding the panning effect

7. Post-Processing Techniques for Stunning Results

Once you’ve captured your images, the work doesn’t end there. Post-processing is a crucial step in enhancing your underwater photography. Editing software like Adobe Lightroom or Photoshop can help you adjust exposure, contrast, and color balance to bring out the vibrant hues and details that may have been lost underwater.

Start by correcting any exposure issues. Adjust the brightness and contrast to enhance the depth of your images. Pay special attention to the colors; underwater photography often requires color correction due to the natural loss of reds and yellows in deeper waters. Use the white balance adjustment to bring back the warmth that might be lacking in your original shots.

In addition, consider cropping your images to improve composition. Sometimes, removing distractions from the edges of the frame can significantly enhance the focus on the school of fish. You can also use sharpening tools to accentuate the details of the fish and the surrounding environment, making your images more impactful.
Finally, explore creative options such as adding vignetting to focus attention on your subject or utilizing local adjustments to enhance specific areas of your image.

use lightroom or other software for post processing your diving photos

Species in the Andaman Sea and How to Photograph Them

The Andaman Sea offers a treasure trove of schooling fish, each species presenting unique photographic opportunities. Here’s a guide to some of the most iconic species and how to capture their beauty:

how to photographe big eye trevallis like a pro

Bigeye Trevally

Found in large, swirling schools, these silver fish reflect light beautifully. Position yourself at the edge of the school and shoot upward for a dynamic shot that emphasizes their synchronized movements. Use side lighting to highlight their metallic sheen.

Barracudas
Schools of chevron barracudas form striking, spiraling formations. A slow approach is essential to avoid scattering them. Wide-angle shots from below the school against the surface create dramatic compositions.

Fusiliers

These small, yet colourful fish create vibrant, flowing ribbons of color. Look for schools near coral reefs and shoot mid-water with natural light to capture their iridescent hues. Experiment with slower shutter speeds to emphasize their motion.

Unicornfish and Powder Blue Surgeonfish
These species are often seen grazing on reefs or schooling near drop-offs. Their bright colors and unique shapes make them excellent subjects for close-up shots. Use a balanced strobe setup to highlight their vivid patterns without overexposing.

Snappers
These schools resemble curtains of golden-yellow hues. For a dramatic shot, frame them against a contrasting reef or open blue water. Approach slowly to avoid disturbing their tight formation.

how to photograph emperor fish like a pro

Emperor Fish and Feeding Frenzies
Witnessing a feeding frenzy is a spectacular experience. Schools of emperor fish in a frenzy create chaotic yet mesmerizing scenes. Use a fast shutter speed to freeze the action and capture the energy.

Sweetlips
Sweetlips are perfect for head-on portraits. These fish face the current and hold their position, making them cooperative subjects. Approach slowly and use a medium aperture (around F8) for sharp, detailed shots of their faces.

how to photographe bannerfish like a pro

Schooling Bannerfish and Moorish Idols
These colorful fish add vibrancy to any composition. Capture them against coral reefs for a burst of color, and use a wide aperture to blur the background slightly, making their patterns stand out.

how to photographe batfish schools like a pro

Batfish are also super photogenic species who often let photographers approach closely without scattering, making them ideal subjects. A diver positioned in the middle of a batfish school can beautifully demonstrate the size and density of the group. If visibility allows, this composition creates a striking contrast between the diver and the fish, giving a sense of awe and scale to your shot.

Understanding Fish Schooling

Fish school for protection, communication, and efficiency. Their synchronized movements deter predators and enable efficient foraging. Schools operate through decentralized decision-making, with individual fish reacting to their nearest neighbors. This complex yet instinctive behavior creates the mesmerizing patterns we observe.
Understanding this behaviour allows photographers to anticipate movements and position themselves for the perfect shot.

Conclusion: how to shoot schools of fish like a pro

Photographing schools of fish is a rewarding endeavor that combines technical skills with artistic expression. By understanding your equipment, mastering lighting techniques, predicting fish behavior, and employing effective composition strategies, you can capture stunning images that showcase the beauty and grace of these underwater wonders.
With practice, patience, and a willingness to experiment, you can create breathtaking photographs that tell a story and transport viewers into the vibrant world beneath the waves. Remember, every dive is an opportunity to learn and grow as a photographer, so embrace the journey and enjoy the beauty of the underwater realm.

how to photograph school of fish like a pro, pinterest pin it

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Underwater Photography Made Easy: 7 Tips for Capturing Stunning Dive Memories

1/6/2025

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The Ultimate Guide to Taking Stunning Underwater Photos

How to Take Stunning Underwater Photos: 7 Pro Tips for Breathtaking Dive Photos

Underwater photography is one of the most rewarding yet challenging forms of photography. It requires technical knowledge, patience, and an understanding of the unique environment you're working in. Whether you're capturing the majesty of coral reefs or the wonders of marine life, here’s a comprehensive guide to help you take incredible underwater shots.

Underwater Photography 101: Essential Tips for Picture-Perfect Shots

How to Capture Stunning Underwater Photos Like a ProPicture

1. Prepare Your Gear : The first step in successful underwater photography is making sure you have the right gear.

A leak proof Underwater Housing
Your camera must be in a waterproof housing to handle depth pressure. Before diving, ensure your housing is rated for your planned depth and check for potential leaks. The golden rule of underwater photography is to keep your camera safe and dry. Using a vacuum valve and pump is the safest way to verify a perfect seal. If you don’t have one, carefully inspect the O-ring for any wear, dust, or stray hairs that could compromise the seal. A small leak can ruin your gear—so double-check each time your open your housing!

Lenses and Accessories:
Make sure to select the right lense for your dive. Wide-angle lenses are ideal for capturing sweeping underwater landscapes and large marine life, while macro lenses are great for close-up shots of smaller creatures. Sometimes accessories like a tripod, filters, snoot and strobes for lighting can make your photo much better.

Prepare your gear for the dive

pick the right camera and settings for your dive

Adjust your settings for the photo you want!

Camera Settings for Stunning Underwater Photography

When you begin your underwater photography journey, starting with Auto/Program mode can be a great way to ease into taking pictures, minimizing the stress of manual settings. However, if you’re aiming for stunning, professional-level underwater images, building your confidence and learning to adjust your settings manually is essential. Mastering your camera's settings will allow you to fully unleash your creative potential and produce exceptional results. Here’s a breakdown of key features to help you improve your skills:

1. Aperture
The aperture controls the amount of light that enters the camera through the lens. A larger aperture allows more light to reach the sensor, which is especially important in low-light conditions underwater. It also plays a crucial role in the depth of field—the area in your image that stays in focus.

To experiment, try the following:
Choose a steady subject, like a nudibranch or clam, and set your aperture to a high number (like f/11). Get close, focus, and shoot. The result should show a sharp subject with a slightly blurred background.
Now, reduce the aperture to the lowest number (e.g., f/2.8), adjusting the shutter speed to maintain correct exposure, and repeat the process. This should result in a focused subject and a more blurred background, emphasizing the subject.

2. Shutter Speed
The shutter speed determines how long the aperture remains open, which controls how much light enters the camera. A faster shutter speed (e.g., 1/250th of a second) results in less light and a darker image, while a slower shutter speed (e.g., 1/60th of a second) allows more light, resulting in a brighter image.

Try this exercise to explore the effects:
Pick a subject against a blue background, such as a diver or a coral. Set your aperture to a neutral f/5 or f/6, then set your shutter speed to 1/250th of a second. Focus and shoot. You should notice a dark blue or nearly black background.
Next, reduce your shutter speed to 1/60th of a second, focus, and shoot again. This should brighten the background and make it a more vivid blue. This combination of aperture and shutter speed allows you to control the exposure and the background color.

3. White Balance
Underwater, the colors of your photos tend to shift toward blue or green, as light loses its red spectrum the deeper you go. White balance compensates for this by adjusting the colors in your image to match what you saw.

Underwater mode: Many modern cameras have an "Underwater" white balance preset that can correct the color automatically.
External red filter: If your camera doesn’t support this preset, consider using an external red filter to counteract the blue-green tint. However, this can sometimes produce inconsistent results, as the filter works best at certain depths.
Manual adjustment: For better control over your white balance, manually adjust it based on the depth you’re diving and the lighting conditions. This will give you more flexibility in capturing accurate colors in your underwater photos.

By practicing these settings, you'll gradually gain control over your exposure, depth of field, and colour balance, allowing you to capture more vibrant and natural-looking underwater shots.

The Art of Underwater Photography: How to Shoot Like a ProPicture

Shutter speed control the amount of light that enters your sensor.

7 Game-Changing Tips for Underwater PhotographyPicture

Aperture control the depth of field

2. Understand Lighting and Water Conditions :

Loss of Light and Color:
As you descend into deeper waters, light levels drop rapidly, and colors begin to disappear. Reds and oranges vanish first, followed by yellows and greens. At depths greater than 10 feet, you’ll need a strobe to bring color back into the scene. If you're taking photos at shallow depths or in well-lit conditions, you can often rely on natural light, especially during the golden hours of morning and evening.

Regardless of whether you're using a compact camera, GoPro, or professional DSLR, lighting is the key to capturing vibrant underwater images. Strobes are essential for restoring lost colors, while a focus light improves visibility in low-light conditions or during night dives. For macro enthusiasts, a wet diopter allows you to seamlessly switch between macro and super-macro photography, making it easier to capture the tiniest marine creatures with incredible clarity.
If versatility is a priority, consider adding a 1.4x teleconverter to your wide-angle setup. This handy accessory extends your lens range, enabling you to capture everything from tiny nudibranchs to majestic manta rays without changing your lens mid-dive.

3. Master Buoyancy and Stability

Before you become an underwater photographer, you first need to be a competent diver. Mastering buoyancy control is essential—not just for capturing sharp, well-composed shots but also for protecting the fragile marine environment.

Good buoyancy control allows you to stay still and hover without unnecessary movement, preventing camera shake and motion blur. The steadier you are, the clearer and crisper your photos will be.

Poor buoyancy can stir up sand and debris, causing backscatter (those annoying white specks in photos). Staying neutrally buoyant helps keep the water around you clear for cleaner, more professional-looking images.

Poor buoyancy can cause unintentional damage to delicate coral reefs, harming the very ecosystems we aim to showcase.

As an underwater photographer, you are more than just an observer—you are an ambassador of the ocean. By honing your diving skills and practicing responsible photography, you help preserve the beauty of the underwater world for future generations.

master your buoyancy before becoming a photographer

4. Composition and Framing Techniques

Just like any type of photography, composition is key. The ocean can be a busy environment, so framing your subject effectively is vital to creating impactful images.

Follow the Rule of Thirds:
Position your subject off-center for a more dynamic and interesting composition. The rule of thirds is particularly useful in underwater photography, where the subject can often be small in a vast seascape.

Leading Lines and Symmetry:
Use natural elements in the scene, like coral formations or beams of light filtering through the water, to lead the viewer’s eye to the main subject. These lines can add depth and dimension to the image.

Get Close and Fill the Frame:
Underwater photos often have a lot of negative space, which can make the subject appear distant and insignificant. Get as close as possible without disturbing the subject to fill the frame with the focal point.

clownfish composition in underwater photography

5. Respect Marine Life and the Environment

Underwater photography offers a rare chance to observe marine life in its natural habitat, but with this privilege comes responsibility. To capture stunning images while ensuring the well-being of the creatures and ecosystems you photograph, it's crucial to follow ethical practices.

Do Not Disturb
Never touch, chase, or harass animals. Doing so can cause stress and disrupt their natural behavior. Always maintain a safe distance and allow the subject to approach you or continue its natural activity. Remember: take only photos, leave only bubbles!

Avoid Damage to the Ecosystem
Be mindful of where you place your hands, fins, or camera housing. Fragile ecosystems like coral reefs can be easily damaged by human interference. Always be aware of the space around you to avoid accidentally touching or kicking the reef, as even minor disturbances can have lasting consequences.
Ethical Photography
Do not force a shot, especially if it involves putting animals or their habitats at risk. Ethical photography means capturing the beauty and serenity of marine life without causing harm or stress. Respect for the underwater world enhances your experience and ensures that it remains pristine for future generations.

how to make your underwater photos better

Mastering Underwater Photography: Pro Tips for Breathtaking Shots

6. Post-Processing

While capturing great photos underwater is a challenge, post-processing can help you bring out the best in your shots.

Correct Exposure and Contrast:
Many underwater photos may appear too dark or have washed-out colours. Adjust the exposure and contrast in editing software to bring back details and vibrancy. Increase shadows and highlights to enhance the image’s depth.

Remove Backscatter:
Backscatter can occur when particles in the water reflect light from the strobe, creating specks of light in the image. In post-processing, you can use software tools to reduce or remove backscatter, improving the clarity of the shot.

Enhance Colors:
Use color correction tools to restore the vibrancy of the colors, particularly reds and oranges, which tend to be lost at greater depths. Adjusting white balance can also help you achieve more natural tones.

Sharpen the Image:
Subtle sharpening can help bring out details, especially if you’ve cropped your photo or if there’s motion blur. Be careful not to overdo it, as too much sharpening can create an unnatural look.

7. Practice and Patience

Like any form of photography, practice makes perfect.

Spend time underwater practicing different techniques, and learn from your mistakes. Some of the best underwater photos come after numerous attempts.

Patience is also key. Marine life can be unpredictable, and perfect conditions may not always present themselves immediately. Stay calm, keep your composure, and don’t rush your shots.

underwater photographer with a whale shark

Conclusion

Underwater photography allows you to capture the breathtaking beauty of the ocean, but it comes with its own unique set of challenges. By preparing your gear, mastering buoyancy, understanding lighting, and practicing composition techniques, you can greatly improve your chances of getting that perfect shot.
Whether you’re photographing coral reefs, fish, or shipwrecks, the possibilities are endless. Just remember to respect the underwater world, take your time, and most importantly, have fun exploring beneath the surface.

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Trip report : 15th to 21st January 2025

13/2/2025

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trip report The Smiling Seahorse photo clinic 2025

Our Annual Photo Clinic started from Khao Lak this time. Heading out into the Andaman Sea, with eager guests from Belgium, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, the USA, the Philippines, Denmark, and the UK. We were joined again on this journey by our talented friend, Alex Tyrell, to lead our 5th joint workshop. A professional underwater photographer renowned for his skills behind the lens and rewarded by many photo contests, Alex has over 20 years of experience capturing the underwater world and teaches underwater photography all year round at Dive4Photos.

Day 1 : Exploring Similan National Park

Our first dive took us to Shark Fin Reef, where we kicked off with a relaxed check dive. The stunning underwater boulders provided a majestic backdrop as schools of yellowfin goatfish and lunar fusiliers glided past. Bluefin trevally darted in and out of sight, while giant trevally patrolled the area. Moray eels peeked from crevices, and oriental sweetlips added splashes of color.

The second dive at West of Eden delighted us with the rare sighting of a baby banded sea krait slithering gracefully through the reef. A small hawksbill turtle greeted divers near the coral formations, while vibrant chromodoris nudibranchs adorned the rocks. Butterflyfish, such as the saddleback and Meyer's butterflyfish, hovered near the reef, accompanied by emperor angelfish and a playful pair of red-toothed triggerfish darting around coral bommies.

Adding to the excitement, a starry dragonet fish was spotted resting gracefully on the sandy bottom, and a rock mover wrasse entertained divers with its peculiar behavior in search of food.

Elephant Head Rock, our third dive site, held an exciting surprise at 24 meters: a zebra shark resting peacefully—a rare sight in recent years. The dive also revealed blue ribbon eels swaying gently, a blue dragon nudibranch shimmering on a rock, and a stunning Limenandra nodosa hanging from a ledge. We ended the day with a thrilling night dive, where giant moray eels hunted in the shadows alongside a zebra moray eel and a fimbriated moray eel. Massive hermit crabs scuttled across the seafloor, and an octopus performed a mesmerizing display, changing colors and textures as it captivated our divers.

big eye trevalli in the andaman blue water

Day 2 : Koh Bon Bay and Koh Tachai

Our morning began with two dives at Koh Bon Bay, where the highlight was spotting two juvenile blacktip reef sharks gliding gracefully along the sandy bottom. Giant moray eels lurked near crevices, while a large school of batfish hovered elegantly over the reef. Divers were thrilled by the partnership between a giant blue-lined pufferfish and a bluefin trevally, a rare and fascinating sight. African pompano cruised by briefly, and Maldivian sponge snails dotted the coral garden.

In the afternoon, we ventured to the northwest of Koh Tachai. Although the sea conditions made access to the pinnacle challenging, we explored the surrounding reef. A small hawksbill turtle swam lazily through the currents, and colorful flabellina exoptata and blue dragons (Pteraeolidia ianthina) caught the photographers' attention. Surgeonfish, such as the powder-blue and velvet species, mingled with schools of twinstripe fusiliers. Sweetlips gathered near the bommies, and vibrant anemonefish darted among the tentacles of bulb-tentacle sea anemones.

damselfish in hard coral, thailand liveaboard

Our night dive at Torinla Island’s west wall in Surin National Park was alive with activity. Moray eels prowled the reef, while a curious blacktip shark circled at a distance. The reef revealed nocturnal wonders such as red squirrelfish, copper sweepers, and cave sweepers glowing under torchlight.

Day 3 : Surin National Park and Richelieu Rock

Our first dive took us to the iconic Richelieu Rock, a pinnacle rising from the seabed like an underwater cathedral. Known as one of the top dive sites in the world, Richelieu Rock did not disappoint. A great barracuda hovered midwater, being cleaned by wrasse, while schools of yellowtail and pickhandle barracuda circled the site. A massive school of bigeye trevally darted around us, joined by giant trevally and yellowback fusiliers. One group delighted in spotting a tiny tiger tail seahorse clinging to soft coral. Richelieu Rock is renowned for its rich marine life, offering encounters with everything from macro critters to pelagic species.
To escape rough waves, we returned to Surin Island for our second dive at Torinla Pinnacle.

Tigertail Seahorse

Big eye trevallis in Richlelieu Rock

Here, we encountered adorable pikachu nudibranchs, large potato groupers, and blue-spotted stingrays resting on the sandy bottom. Peacock mantis shrimps peeked out of their burrows, while jawfish darted between holes in the seabed.

Our third dive at Yellow Rock introduced us to a vibrant underwater world, with schools of yellowtail barracuda weaving through the water. A Jenkin whipray glided effortlessly along the sandy floor, and slate sweetlips formed tight schools beneath rocky overhangs.

jenkin whip ray photographed in thailand

Jenkin Whiptail ray

We concluded the day with a dive at Bungalow Wall, west of South Surin Island. Cuttlefish danced gracefully in the water, banded stick pipefish hovered near the reef, and lobsters hid within crevices. Schools of fusiliers streamed by, while colorful robastra gracilis nudibranchs adorned the coral.

Credit - Alex Tyrrell, animating our Photo clinic this week

Day 4 and 5 : Richelieu Rock - a photographer's paradise

The next two days were dedicated to Richelieu Rock, providing ample time for our photographers to capture its legendary marine diversity. Schools of blacktail barracuda, yellowtail barracuda, and pickhandle barracuda swirled around the pinnacle. A tiny tiger tail seahorse clung to gorgonian coral, while cobias moved gracefully alongside bigeye trevally.

Macro photographers reveled in the sight of the new generation of reef inhabitants: juvenile oriental sweetlips, juvenile emperor angelfish, Anemonefish tending to their not-yet-born babies, while new ghost pipefish already blended seamlessly into their surroundings.

baby ghost pipefish already playing hide and seek

baby clownfish incubating

mama clark anemonefish tending to her eggs

Their mum making sure they were safe and well aired...

Eagle rays glided through the blue, offering breathtaking moments for wide-angle shots.

Among the corals, divers found flabellina exoptata, baby chromodoris risbecia pulchella, and tiger cowries with their eggs. A cryptic Phestilla laid eggs on a Pavono coral, and whip coral gobies peeked out curiously.

the extremely cryptic Phestilla viei slugs laying eggs on its host coral, Pavona explanulata, from Richelieu Rock

Camouflaged in its environment, the Cryptic Phestilla Nudibranch blends seamlessly with its host coral.

Tiger egg nudibranch make for perfect photo subjects

Our last two dives on Day 6 ensured every critter and tropical reef fish Richelieu Rock had to offer was immortalized in stunning photographs, bringing an unforgettable journey to a close.

Stay tuned for more adventures and stories from the Andaman Sea!

lion fish in richelieu rock, thailand's best dive site

group picture on the sofa of a thailand liveaboard

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How to Spot, Snap, and Get Mesmerized by the Master of Camouflage: The Frogfish!

7/8/2023

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Frogfishes are a group of marine fish that are known for their unusual and often comical appearance. Members of the anglerfish family Antennariidae⁠, these fish are found in tropical and subtropical waters all over the world, and they are popular among scuba divers due to their unique appearance and behaviour.

One of the most notable features of frogfishes is their body shape, which is typically plump and round. They have large, bulbous heads, small eyes, and shortened, blunt snouts. Their bodies are covered in small spines and protuberances, which give them a rough, spiky appearance blending perfectly with the reef they call home!
Frogfishes are also known for their ability to change colour. Unlike the cameleon, it takes several weeks for them to change colour but when they do, they blend in perfectly with their surroundings. This helps them to remain hidden both from predators and to sneak up on their prey. In addition to changing colour, frogfishes also have the ability to expand and contract their bodies, which allows them to move quickly through the water and they are one of the only fishes that can walk!

Reef clown or reef hunter?

Despite their somewhat comical appearance, frogfishes are actually quite skilled predators. They have a unique method of hunting that involves luring their prey close with a specialized appendage called an esca, which is located on the end of their snout. When a prey animal approaches the esca, the frogfish will quickly snatch it up with its powerful jaws.

Sex on the reef when you're a frogfish

Frogfishes are also known for their unique mating habits.

When female frogfish are ready to mate, they start producing eggs, causing their bellies to swell and become more buoyant. This attracts male frogfish, who will then nudge the female until they are both floating on the surface. At this point, the female will release her eggs, forming a gelatinous raft that the male will fertilize. Some species leave these rafts to float in the open ocean, while others attach them to their bodies or the ocean floor and guard them until they hatch.

Females can produce between 40,000 and 180,000 eggs per season, and the resulting fry emerge from the eggs after 2-5 days looking like tiny jellyfish with long fin filaments. After a few months, they begin to take on the same coloration as poisonous sea slugs, which helps them avoid being eaten by larger fish and other predators. Eventually, the fry will settle onto a reef and stay there until it is time to mate again.

3 fun facts about frogfishes that you should know about!

1/ Did you know that frogfish get their name from the fact that they resemble frogs? They have unique pectoral fins with an "elbow-like" bend at the front and smaller pelvic fins that resemble legs. This is a characteristic common to all frogfish species.
2/ Another interesting fact about frogfish is that they have the fastest known bite in the animal kingdom, with a predatory strike speed of 1/6000th of a second. This makes their bite the fastest self-powered predatory strike in the animal kingdom, with mantis shrimp and seahorses coming in close behind...
3/ Inflation - Frogfish can inflate their body to startle predators. Frogfish do not have teeth and it swallows its prey in one piece. It can swallow the prey that is 2 times bigger than the fish itself thanks to ability to expand the mouth 12 times its normal size.

Frogfish Identification

Identifying frogfish can be a challenging task due to their wide range of colors and patterns, as well as their ability to change their appearance to blend in with their surroundings. To determine the species of a frogfish, several characteristics can be used, including size, spot patterns, rod length, and lure type.

One common species of frogfish found in the Indo-Pacific region is the giant frogfish (Antennarius commerson). This species can reach up to 30 cm in size and is distinguished by its long rod (called an illicium) and small, bushy esca (lure) with fine, long filaments. The giant frogfish also has thick, bulb-like second and third dorsal spines.

Another species found in the region is the freckled frogfish (Antennarius coccineus), which grows up to 10 cm in size and has an illicium of the same length as its second spine. This species has a small tufted esca with dark swellings at the base and lacks a distinct tail base, which distinguishes it from the similar-looking spotfin frogfish.

The warty frogfish (Antennarius maculatus) is another commonly encountered species, growing up to 8-10 cm in size and having an illicium that is twice as long as its second spine. This species is easily recognizable by its warty skin, triangular patches radiating from its eye, and a thin membrane on its second and third dorsal spines. Its esca is designed to mimic small fish or shrimp and has an "eye spot."

The painted frogfish (Antennarius pictus) is a rarer species in the Indo-Pacific, growing up to 15 cm in size and having an illicium that is twice as long as its second spine. It is distinguished by its bushy esca with compressed appendages and can be easily confused with a juvenile giant frogfish. However, the painted frogfish has three spots on its tailfin and can also have a color phase similar to the warty frogfish, but with triangular markings that do not radiate from the eye.

The striated or hairy frogfish (Antennarius striatus) is another species found in the region, reaching up to 20 cm in size and having an illicium of the same length as its second spine. It is distinguished by its distinctive stripe pattern and its esca, which has large, worm-like appendages.

credit- Christian Gloor

The sargassum frogfish (Histrio histrio) is a species that is leaves offshore, typically found in sargassum weed drifting in the ocean, and therefore is rarely seen by divers. It grows up to 15 cm in size and has an illicium that is half the length of its second spine, as well as a small esca with folds.
We got extremely lucky to spot this fellow near the surface to get this beautiful triple reflection!
(only one frogfish here, the bottom one...)

The psychedelic frogfish (Histiophryne psychedelica) is a very distinctive species with a freaky appearance. It has only been found in a few places around Ambon and is thought to live very deep, coming to diveable depths only to breed. It grows up to 5 cm in size and lacks an illicium and esca.

Credit Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository

To date, there are 49 known species of frogfish, with many more waiting to be formally identified. While they may not be common, frogfish can be found in a variety of habitats and are masters of camouflage, making them an exciting find for scuba divers. Keep an eye out for these weird and wonderful creatures on your next diving trip.

Here are some tips on how to spot, photograph, and appreciate the unique characteristics of these masterful creatures.

Spotting Frogfishes

In addition to their unusual appearance and behaviour, frogfishes are also popular among scuba divers due to the challenge to find them making them all the more attractive! If you are considering seeing a frogfish while diving, it is important to choose your guides carefully. Frogfishes come in a variety of colors and sizes. When searching for frogfishes, keep an eye out for unusual shapes and patterns on your dive. Look for lumps, bumps, and protrusions that may not be part of the surrounding environment. Frogfishes are also known to use their lure to attract prey, so keep an eye out for any movement that seems out of place.

Improve your frogfish shots!

Frogfishes make for excellent subjects for underwater photography, as their unique appearance and behavior make for captivating shots.
Here are some tips to keep in mind to ensure you capture the best shots.

When taking underwater photographs of frogfish, patience is crucial. Avoid touching, poking or disturbing them as they are likely to carry on with their natural behavior, providing great opportunities for capturing stunning shots.
The choice of lens will depend on the size of the frogfish, ranging from 105mm to 10.5mm. However, most mid-range lenses are suitable for capturing these fascinating creatures, and even a compact camera can deliver excellent results.
For intricate details of their camouflage pattern, side lighting is recommended.
Inward-facing strobe positioning is ideal for creating a black background behind the frogfish, even with only a few inches of open water. Leave enough space in the frame to be prepared for capturing unique behavior shots, such as the frogfish using its lure or yawning.
Locking the focus is useful for capturing rapid-fire photos or when photographing black objects, while using a shallow depth of field can create a beautiful bokeh in the background, helping to highlight the frogfish against its surroundings.

In conclusion, frogfishes are a true wonder of the underwater world. By following these tips, you can spot, photograph, and appreciate their beauty and charm. So, the next time you're on a dive trip, keep an eye out for these quirky creatures and be prepared to be mesmerised!

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10 Alien Creatures You’ll Only Encounter While Blackwater Diving

What makes Blackwater Diving So Special?

​1. Blanket Octopus (Tremoctopus spp.)

2. Ctenophores (Comb Jellies)

3. Eel Larvea

4. Paper Nautilus (Argonauta argo)

5. Tripod Fish Larvae

6. Snake Blenny Larvae

7. Amphipods

8. Pelagic Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.)

9. Larval Flounder

10. Squid Larvea

Blackwater Dive Briefing – Safety, Awareness & Expectations

Personal Tip:

When and Where to Dive

Book Your Blackwater Adventure!

Shoot schools of fish like a pro! UW photography guide

7 Essential Tips To Mastering The Art Of Photographing Schools Of Fish

1. Gear Up: Wide-Angle Lens and Proper Strobe Placement

​2. Camera Settings: Shutter Speed, Aperture, and ISO

3. Composition: Create Depth with Strategic Framing

​4. Mastering Natural Light and Strobes

​5. Predict Fish Behavior: Anticipate Movement for Better Shots

​6. Use Depth and Scale to Your Advantage

​7. Post-Processing Techniques for Stunning Results

Species in the Andaman Sea and How to Photograph Them

Understanding Fish Schooling

Conclusion: how to shoot schools of fish like a pro

Underwater Photography Made Easy: 7 Tips for Capturing Stunning Dive Memories

​How to Take Stunning Underwater Photos: 7 Pro Tips for Breathtaking Dive Photos

1. Prepare Your Gear : ​The first step in successful underwater photography is making sure you have the right gear.

Camera Settings for Stunning Underwater Photography

​2. Understand Lighting and Water Conditions :

3. Master Buoyancy and Stability

4. Composition and Framing Techniques

5. Respect Marine Life and the Environment

​6. Post-Processing

7. Practice and Patience

Conclusion

Trip report : 15th to 21st January 2025

Day 1 : Exploring Similan National Park

Day 2 : Koh Bon Bay and Koh Tachai

Day 3 : Surin National Park and Richelieu Rock

Day 4 and 5 : Richelieu Rock - a photographer's paradise

How to Spot, Snap, and Get Mesmerized by the Master of Camouflage: The Frogfish!

Reef clown or reef hunter?

Sex on the reef when you're a frogfish

3 fun facts about frogfishes that you should know about!

Frogfish Identification

​Here are some tips on how to spot, photograph, and appreciate the unique characteristics of these masterful creatures.

Spotting Frogfishes

Improve your frogfish shots!

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**1. Blanket Octopus (Tremoctopus spp.)**

2. Camera Settings: Shutter Speed, Aperture, and ISO

4. Mastering Natural Light and Strobes

5. Predict Fish Behavior: Anticipate Movement for Better Shots

6. Use Depth and Scale to Your Advantage

7. Post-Processing Techniques for Stunning Results

How to Take Stunning Underwater Photos: 7 Pro Tips for Breathtaking Dive Photos

1. Prepare Your Gear : The first step in successful underwater photography is making sure you have the right gear.

2. Understand Lighting and Water Conditions :

6. Post-Processing

Here are some tips on how to spot, photograph, and appreciate the unique characteristics of these masterful creatures.