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Morays & eels in the Andaman Sea

26/9/2023

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Did you know there are 200 species of moray eels in the world, and that we can find quite a few in the Andaman Sea?

In this article, I wanted to present the diversity in shapes and colors of the morays eels we have encountered in the Andaman Sea. All the pictures below were taken by Franck Fogarolo (our cruise director and onboard photographer) on the west coast of Thailand and Myanmar.

Morays VS Eels VS Sea Snakes?

All morays are eels, but not all eels are morays and neither of them are snakes!
​​
For example, garden eels and snake eels are part of this eel's family but are not moray. Learn how to differentiate ones from the others.
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Snake eels are usually burrowed in the sand
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and their head is the only seen visible most of the time
Snake eel swimming on a blackwater dive
Snake eel swimming on a blackwater dive
All Eels are anguiliform: they have a long snake-like body and fewer fins than other fishes (no pelvic or pectoral fins).
Like other true eels, the moray's dorsal fin begins just behind its head, extends along the length of its body and is fused with the caudal (tail) and anal fins. 
​

Unlike snakes, moray eels have no scales and can breathe underwater. 
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just like other snakes, banded sea krait need to breath air above water
​Snakes being reptiles (just like as turtles), they breathe through lungs and need to come up for air on a regular basis, even pelagic snakes who spend their lives offshore (learn more about sea snakes in this fascinating blogpost).
pelagic sea snakes
pelagic sea snake is a freediving champion that can hold their breath up to 8 hours!
Morays are present in all the tropical seas of the world, and they generally live in reef areas and rocky bottoms. 
Most moray eels are nocturnal carnivores hunting fish and crustaceans, and night dives are the best time to see them actively searching for their next meal! They can eat fish, mollusks (squid and cuttlefish), and crustaceans (crabs).
During the day, they mostly remain hidden in the cracks or under rocks, leaving only their breathing head visible to scuba divers.
Most morays eels need to keep their mouth open to breath: the water passes through their gills and mouth. 
Although moray eels have visibly long and sharp teeth that can scare many novice divers, they are quite skittish animals and will surely prefer to retreat in their hole to flee rather than attack anyone. Moray have no scales, no pectoral fins, and no pelvic fins.

A few Moray & eels species encountered in the Andaman Sea

Giant moray eel:

The largest species we can encounter in Thailand and Myanmar is the giant moray eels (Gymnothorax javanicus).
It is one of the 3 largest morays in the world and can measure more than 3 meters in length and while its size is impressive, its brown color is quite dull.
giant moray (Gymnothorax javanicus)
Giant Moray in the Andaman Sea

White eyes moray eels :

A much smaller moray eel we often find is the White eyed moray (Gymnothorax thyrsoideus) also called Greyface moray.
Its body is speckled with small dark spots and has a predominantly beige color that can vary in strength between different eels but they all have their distinctive white eyes. This moray loves shallow water and can live in lagoons or protected reefs. The white eyed moray is only about 40cm long and it is not rare to see 3 or more of them living together in the same crack.
White eyed moray (Gymnothorax thyrsoideus)
Gray faced moray (Gymnothorax thyrsoideus)

Ribbon eels:

Surprisingly enough the striking ribbon eel (Rhinomuraena quaesita) is also part of the moray eels family and surely my favorite for its distinctive colours.
​Learn more about the
drag queen of the seas...
yellow ribbon eel
Ribbon Eel (Rhinomuraena quaesita)
Blue ribbon eel (Rhinomuraena quaesita)
Ribbon Eel (Rhinomuraena quaesita)
Black ribbon eel (Rhinomuraena quaesita)
Ribbon Eel (Rhinomuraena quaesita)

Honeycomb moray:

Juvenile Honeycomb moray (Gymnothorax favagineus)
Juvenile Honeycomb moray (Gymnothorax favagineus)
Another pretty species is the Honeycomb moray (Gymnothorax favagineus). Also known as the leopard moray, tessellate moray or laced moray, its body is white and covered with dark brown spots, evoking the coat of the leopard.
Honeycomb moray (Gymnothorax favagineus)
adult Honeycomb moray
Honeycomb moray on the Andaman Sea Reef
another beautiful honeycomb in Burma Banks

Zebra moray:

Another interesting specimen is the Zebra moray eel (Gymnomuraena zebra)... This species lives 10 to 20 years and can reach a maximum length of 150cm. Zebra moray eels are often confused with the banded sea snakes but look at their shape (and pattern) more closely and you will surely be able to tell one from the other.
Zebra Moray
Zebra Moray (Gymnomuraena zebra)
Zebra Moray (Gymnomuraena zebra)
Zebra Moray (Gymnomuraena zebra)

Clouded moray:

Moreover, we can find the clouded moray (Echidna nebulosa), also called Snowflake moray.
This moray is recognizable thanks to its light-colored body with two rows of large dark blotches along its sides. This species also has yellow eyes.
They do not have sharp teeth but possess small blunt teeth. They feed mainly on crustaceans.
clouded moray (Echidna nebulosa)

Fimbriated moray:

We can also observe regularly the Fimbriated moray (Gymnothorax fimbriatus). These greenish morays have the body covered with black spots. In the juveniles, the spots are much larger. Moreover, It’s normally bright yellow or green in color and has a longer snout than most other species. 
Fimbriated moray (Gymnothorax fimbriatus)
green moray with black spots

Bar-Tail moray:

Another shay moray eel that is not rare to see but always quite fast to hide away is the Bar-tail moray (Gymnothorax zonipectus).
This species is easily identified by the light spot between the eye, and the corner of the mouth, the long snout/ nostrils, and the strongly defined, banded patter of the body. This moray eel likes shallow waters and is usually quite solitary.
Bar tail moray

Barred moray eel:

Barred moray (Gymnothorax zonipectis)
Mature adult Barred moray (Echidna-polyzona)
The Barred moray (Echidna-polyzona) is a species of moray eel found in the tropical waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean that holds manay names: Girdled Moray | Banded Moray | Barred Moray | Many Banded Moray Eel | Ringed Moray | Striped Moray | Zebra Eel. With a maximum length of about 1 meter, these eels have a distinctive appearance, featuring dark brown or black bands across their yellow or cream-colored bodies. They inhabit shallow coastal waters, including rocky reefs and coral reefs. Being nocturnal predators, they emerge from their hiding places at night to feed on small fish and crustaceans. While not much is known about their reproductive behavior, they are likely to be oviparous.

The Highfin Moray:

The highfin morayHighfin Moray (gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus)
The Highfin Moray (gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus) is another rarer species of eel found in the Indo-Pacific region.

The Highfin Moray is known for its elongated body and distinctively dorsal fin, which is exceptionally tall and extends along much of its back. This fin gives the species its common name, "Highfin" Moray. The eel can grow up to 1 meter in length.

These eels are typically found in coral reefs and rocky areas, often hiding within crevices or coral formations. They are skilled hunters, feeding primarily on fish, crustaceans, and other small marine organisms.

Highfin Morays are generally nocturnal, becoming more active and feeding during the night. They have a keen sense of smell and use their strong jaws and sharp teeth to capture prey.

While the specific conservation status of the Highfin Moray may vary across its range, like other eel species, it may face threats such as habitat degradation, pollution, and overfishing in certain areas.

Tiger Reef eel:

Tiger Reef eel (Scuticaria tigrina)
Tiger Reef eel (Scuticaria tigrina)
The Tiger Reef eel (Scuticaria tigrina) is a rare species of moray eel primarily found in the coral reefs and rocky areas in the Indo-Pacific region. Other names for this funny critter: tiger reef-eel, tiger snake moray, tiger moray eel, tiger moray, tiger eel, spotted eel, or the spotted snake moray.
Tiger Reef eel are primarily nocturnal predators, preying on small fish and crustaceans. They utilize their strong sense of smell and excellent camouflage to ambush their prey. Their elongated body, devoid of dorsal fin, is densely marked with dark blotches and can reach lengths of up to 70 centimeters.

Did you know: You can even see eels on blackwater dives, such as this cool, alien like transparent larval eels.
larval eel on blackwater dive
You can even see eels on blackwater dives, such as this larvae
We look forward to welcoming you on The Smiling Seahorse and show you all the wonderful moray eels of the Andaman Sea in Thailand or Myanmar.
For more info about what can be seen from our cruises, refer to our
Andaman Sea Marine life page.              
​
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Drinking and Diving

20/9/2023

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Drinking and diving
Dehydration and Decompression Sickness
Alcohol consumption can lead to dehydration, a significant risk factor for decompression sickness (DCS). Dehydration can be exacerbated by breathing dry air from scuba tanks, immersion in water, and exposure to cold temperatures. DCS occurs when nitrogen bubbles form in the bloodstream and tissues due to rapid pressure changes, a risk heightened by dehydration. Symptoms of DCS range from joint pain and dizziness to severe neurological issues.
Alcohol may also intensify nitrogen narcosis effects, increasing the likelihood of accidents. Nitrogen narcosis impairs a diver’s cognitive functions and can make one feel euphoric or disoriented, akin to being drunk. When combined with actual alcohol consumption, the effects can be dangerously magnified, leading to poor judgment and slow reaction times.
Boating and Alcohol Risks
If your dive involves boating, there are additional risks to consider. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, alcohol is the fifth-highest contributing factor to boating accidents and the leading cause of fatalities in these incidents. Intoxication combined with inexperience, inattention, or equipment failure can turn an accident fatal. Operating a boat under the influence is illegal and punishable by law in many regions due to these high risks.
Boating while under the influence also impairs balance and coordination, which are crucial for safe maneuvering and responding to emergencies. The effects of wind, sun, and sea motion can intensify alcohol's impact, making it even more dangerous.
Long-term Health Effects
Repeatedly mixing alcohol and diving can have long-term health consequences. Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to liver damage, cardiovascular problems, and neurological issues. For divers, these health problems can severely affect their ability to dive safely. Long-term liver damage can impair the body’s ability to process nitrogen, potentially increasing the risk of decompression sickness.
Drunken effect of alcohol and depth combine: you're losing it...
Drunken effect of alcohol and depth combine: you're losing it...
Stay Safe: Dive First, Drink Later
To ensure your safety and the safety of others, it is crucial to avoid alcohol before and during diving activities. Enjoy your diving experience to the fullest, but remember: mixing alcohol and diving can turn a fun activity into a dangerous one. Save the drinks for after your dives. This approach not only safeguards your health but also enhances the overall diving experience by ensuring you are alert and capable of handling any situation that may arise underwater.
Alternatives to Alcohol
If you’re looking for ways to relax and unwind without compromising your safety, consider alternatives to alcohol. Hydrate well with water or electrolyte drinks, especially after diving, to combat dehydration. Engage in relaxing activities such as yoga, meditation, or gentle stretching to wind down. These activities can help you relax and enjoy your time on the boat or at the beach without the risks associated with alcohol consumption.
Tips for Improving Your Diving Experience
  • Hydration: Drink plenty of water before and after your dive.
  • Rest: Ensure you are well-rested before diving.
  • Nutrition: Eat balanced meals to maintain energy levels.
  • Education: Continuously update your diving skills and knowledge.
  • Buddy System: Always dive with a buddy for added safety.
Fresh fruits give energy and good mood!
Fresh fruits give energy and good mood!
Nothing better than coconut juice!
Nothing better than coconut juice!
More Safety advice for divers
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Triggerfish you can encounter while diving in the Andaman Sea

7/9/2023

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Trigger fish you can encounter while diving in the Andaman Sea
There are many species of trigger fish who belongs to the Balistidae family. They live in shallow water near coral reef except for the oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) who's spend his life in the blue.
oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata)
Oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata)
Titan Triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens)
Titan Triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens)
The most know, specially for his aggressive behavior against divers, is the Titan Triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens). They are in fact protecting their eggs.

​Female will lay their eggs few days before new and full moon after male and female will perform some prespawnings behavior like blowing and touching, to create their nest on sandy or rocky area. They will blow water to create a hole in the floor where the female will lays his eggs. The male will protect and defend the territory from any species swimming too close, and also from the other male triggerfish. Generally, a male will fecund the eggs of few females within his territory.
The impressive tooth of the titan triggerfish
The impressive tooth of the titan triggerfish
Titan triggerfish are known to attack diver who are swimming to close to their nest
Beautiful titan triggerfish observing us
They are known to attack diver who are swimming too close to their nest, and a common diver mistake would be to escape them by shallowing up. Their territory is in a cone shape from the nest getting bigger while going up. So the good reaction would be to swim away horizontal to get out of their zone quickly, keeping our fins in the direction of the fish to avoid any harm.

Another good way to avoid any attack would be to observe their change of behavior.

​They would rise their dorsal fin first, then lean on one side as a last warning, then finally if we are getting even closer to them, they will swim towards us trying to bite whatever they can catch.
This generally happen only when they are keeping an eye on their eggs...
Clown triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum)
Clown triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum)
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The beautiful "body painting" of the clown triggerfish
Another trigger fish we love is the clown triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum) with its white dots on the lower part of the body and its yellow blotch on the back and the face.
​They are less common than the titan, the redtooth or the yellow margin, but still can be found in the archipelago.
Redtooth triggerfish
Redtooth triggerfish
The redtooth triggerfish (Odonus niger) live specially on our pinnacle and like when there is current.
​They will go and hide in cracks and little cavities to rest. They form school and eat mainly plankton.
Yellowmargin triggerfish (Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus)
Yellowmargin triggerfish (Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus)
The yellowmargin triggerfish (Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus) is also very common in the archipelago. It lives in coral reefs and can grow up to 60 cm.
A titan triggerfish on the blue...
A titan triggerfish on the blue...
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  • When & Where
    • Schedule and Prices
    • Destinations >
      • North Andaman Thailand >
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        • The essential Underwater photo Guide to diving Thailand
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  • ABOUT
    • Our Boat >
      • DELICIOUS FOOD
    • Diving in Thailand in 2024-2025
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    • Marine life in Mergui Archipelago
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  • PROMO
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    • Special Expeditions >
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