There are many species of trigger fish who belongs to the Balistidae family. They live in shallow water near coral reef except for the oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) who's spend his life in the blue.

The most know, specially for his aggressive behavior against divers, is the Titan Triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens). They are in fact protecting their eggs.

​Female will lay their eggs few days before new and full moon after male and female will perform some prespawnings behavior like blowing and touching, to create their nest on sandy or rocky area. They will blow water to create a hole in the floor where the female will lays his eggs. The male will protect and defend the territory from any species swimming too close, and also from the other male triggerfish. Generally, a male will fecund the eggs of few females within his territory.

They are known to attack diver who are swimming too close to their nest, and a common diver mistake would be to escape them by shallowing up. Their territory is in a cone shape from the nest getting bigger while going up. So the good reaction would be to swim away horizontal to get out of their zone quickly, keeping our fins in the direction of the fish to avoid any harm.

Another good way to avoid any attack would be to observe their change of behavior.

​They would rise their dorsal fin first, then lean on one side as a last warning, then finally if we are getting even closer to them, they will swim towards us trying to bite whatever they can catch.
This generally happen only when they are keeping an eye on their eggs...

Another trigger fish we love is the clown triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum) with its white dots on the lower part of the body and its yellow blotch on the back and the face.
​They are less common than the titan, the redtooth or the yellow margin, but still can be found in the archipelago.

The redtooth triggerfish (Odonus niger) live specially on our pinnacle and like when there is current.
​They will go and hide in cracks and little cavities to rest. They form school and eat mainly plankton.

The yellowmargin triggerfish (Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus) is also very common in the archipelago. It lives in coral reefs and can grow up to 60 cm.

Despite their somewhat comical appearance, frogfishes are actually quite skilled predators. They have a unique method of hunting that involves luring their prey close with a specialized appendage called an esca, which is located on the end of their snout. When a prey animal approaches the esca, the frogfish will quickly snatch it up with its powerful jaws.

1/ Did you know that frogfish get their name from the fact that they resemble frogs? They have unique pectoral fins with an "elbow-like" bend at the front and smaller pelvic fins that resemble legs. This is a characteristic common to all frogfish species.
2/ Another interesting fact about frogfish is that they have the fastest known bite in the animal kingdom, with a predatory strike speed of 1/6000th of a second. This makes their bite the fastest self-powered predatory strike in the animal kingdom, with mantis shrimp and seahorses coming in close behind...
3/ Inflation - Frogfish can inflate their body to startle predators. Frogfish do not have teeth and it swallows its prey in one piece. It can swallow the prey that is 2 times bigger than the fish itself thanks to ability to expand the mouth 12 times its normal size.

​In addition to their unusual appearance and behaviour, frogfishes are also popular among scuba divers due to the challenge to find them making them all the more attractive! If you are considering seeing a frogfish while diving, it is important to choose your guides carefully. Frogfishes come in a variety of colors and sizes. When searching for frogfishes, keep an eye out for unusual shapes and patterns on your dive. Look for lumps, bumps, and protrusions that may not be part of the surrounding environment. Frogfishes are also known to use their lure to attract prey, so keep an eye out for any movement that seems out of place.

Frogfishes make for excellent subjects for underwater photography, as their unique appearance and behavior make for captivating shots.
Here are some tips to keep in mind to ensure you capture the best shots.

• When taking underwater photographs of frogfish, patience is crucial. Avoid touching, poking or disturbing them as they are likely to carry on with their natural behavior, providing great opportunities for capturing stunning shots.
• The choice of lens will depend on the size of the frogfish, ranging from 105mm to 10.5mm. However, most mid-range lenses are suitable for capturing these fascinating creatures, and even a compact camera can deliver excellent results.
• For intricate details of their camouflage pattern, side lighting is recommended. 
  Inward-facing strobe positioning is ideal for creating a black background behind the frogfish, even with only a few inches of open water. Leave enough space in the frame to be prepared for capturing unique behavior shots, such as the frogfish using its lure or yawning.
• Locking the focus is useful for capturing rapid-fire photos or when photographing black objects, while using a shallow depth of field can create a beautiful bokeh in the background, helping to highlight the frogfish against its surroundings.

In conclusion, frogfishes are a true wonder of the underwater world. By following these tips, you can spot, photograph, and appreciate their beauty and charm. So, the next time you're on a dive trip, keep an eye out for these quirky creatures and be prepared to be mesmerised!

The Andaman Sea in Thailand and Myanmar is a paradise for divers enthusiasts, boasting a diverse ecosystem that is home to an array of captivating marine life. Among the majestic creatures that roam these waters, sharks hold a special place in the hearts of many... 
​
In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of sharks that you can encounter in the Andaman Sea...

1. Leopard Sharks (Stegostoma fasciatum):

2. Whitetip Reef Sharks (Triaenodon obesus)

4. ​Nurse Sharks (Nebrius ferrugineus)

9. Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus)

The vast oceans are home to a multitude of captivating and unique creatures, and among them are the enigmatic sea snakes. These serpentine reptiles have adapted to life in marine environments and are renowned for their remarkable features. In this blog post, we will delve into the intriguing world of sea snakes and explore their fascinating characteristics.
 
Sea snakes belong to two subfamilies, Hydrophiinae (true sea snakes) and Laticaudinae (sea krait, who are semiaquatic).
 
In Thailand and Myanmar we have the chance to encounter regularly representatives of these two families: 

Yes! while surrounded by (sea) water, Sea snakes can die of thirst.
While they live in the oceans, sea snakes cannot extract fresh water from the saline sea. Kraits may drink water from land or the sea surface, but True sea snakes (while they have teh ability to expel part of the salt they ingest) must wait for rain to drink the relatively fresh water floating on the sea's surface.

Sea snakes are extremely venomous creatures (their bite will create quite a lot of damage), however, they are not considered aggressive towards humans and will only bite if they feel threatened or provoked.
 
It's important to maintain a respectful distance and avoid handling or disturbing these fascinating creatures if encountered in their natural habitat. The same apply to all underwater creatures: Do not touch!
The same caution should be exercised with snakes found washed up on beaches. Snakes may feign death as a defense mechanism, and even a deceased or decapitated snake can still reflexively bite.
 
Survival tip: In the event of being stranded at sea, it is possible to consume sea snakes for sustenance. They are not poisonous (ie: can be eaten) but to survive, you better avoid getting bitten!

True sea snakes are skilled predators that primarily consume small fish, fish eggs, and young octopuses. These sea snakes can be active either during the day or at night, displaying versatility in their feeding habits. On the other hand, sea kraits are nocturnal feeders that primarily target eels as their preferred prey. They supplement their diet with crabs, squid, and fish they find while exploring the reef and crevices.
 
While there have been no observations of sea kraits feeding on land, we know that they do return to land to facilitate the digestion of their prey.
In their natural habitat, sea snakes face predation from eels, sharks, rays and other large fish.

In summary, while reptiles, including sea snakes, generally lay eggs, they employ different methods of hatching. Viviparous species, like yellow-bellied sea snakes, give birth to live young after internal development and maternal nourishment. Oviparous species, such as sea kraits, lay eggs externally, and the embryos develop inside the eggs with nutrients from the yolk sac until they hatch independently.

Brace yourselves for an extraordinary journey into the depths of the ocean aboard The MV Smiling Seahorse. Get ready to embark on an awe-inspiring underwater adventure where you'll have the chance to encounter an array of remarkable marine life, including these superstars of the sea: sea snakes!

Does size really matter ? ...
Weighting 26g for about 10cm, the blue ring octopus can easily kill a horse with a drop of its venom!

Most often sighted in Australia, Indonesia, and the Indo-pacific Ocean, Solomon Islands, Philippines and Vanuatu the blue ring octopus is also regularly spotted on some well kept secret muck dives in Thailand !
​These colourful octopus prefer to live in sandy/ mucky areas where they blend in perfectly. They are bottom dwellers not found in open water. 

This shy little octopus is among the deadliest animals on our planet!
That being said "small dogs tend to bite more than big dogs because they need to impress"...
And because the blue ring octopus doesn't have anything to prove... it is also not the attacking type.

This mighty little octopus is said to hold two types of venom in its saliva, both carry enough punch to kill 26 adults, within a few minutes.

The blue-ringed octopus is not agressive, they will not attack humans willingly and prefer to avoid them. A few bites happen every year globally on humans who stepped on one unknowingly, but surprisingly, there have been very few report ever of a deadly bite.

Only 3 death-by-blue-ring-octopus-bite have ever been reported, the other people who got bit experienced progressive muscular weakness leading to difficulty breathing/ swallowing. There is currently no antidote available for this venom however it is temporary and muscles will usually start working again after about 15 hours.

If you think a wetsuit can protect you, remember that octopus'  beak is hard and sharp and can easily penetrate through a wetsuit... so please let them be!!!

BRO can give birth to up to 100 tiny blue-ringed pup per litter. Just like other octopi, blue-ringed are semelparous creatures, which implies they give birth only once in their lifetime. After a female octopus lays a litter of eggs, she stops hunting to look over her eggs and dies of starvation before they even hatch. ​😕😭
Something quite funny about their mating behaviour is that blue-ringed-octopus can't tell a male from a female before starting a sexual act. When two males start to "copulate" it lasts about 30 seconds and no "semen" is released, while when the couple is male-female it may last 160 minutes and spermatophores are exchange. Basically it means that before inserting his attribute (hectocotylus), the male cannot determine the sex of its partner...

Growing up from the size of your fingernail to the size of a chicken egg, the blue-ringed octopus only live about 2 years, this is the time it takes them to be sexually mature, find a mate and give birth to their first and last offsprings.
It is believed that Octopus are extremely intelligent creatures who could achieve so much more if they lived a little longer to learn from experience and if they could learn from their parents instead of starting alone from scratch... 

Divers affectionally call him BRO but there are actually 4 kinds of blue-rigged octopus in the books:
Greater blue-ringed octopus - Hapalochlaena lunulata (who has the largest rings)
Lesser blue-ringed octopus - Hapalochlaena maculosa (aka Southern Blue-Ringed Octopus)
Hapalochochlaena fasciata and Hapalochochlaena nierstraszi.

The wrasse lives mainly in the Indo-Pacific region, where it lives in the waters of 48 countries between 0 and 100 meters deep. This wrasse has an exceptional life expectancy: 25-30 years, and some individuals studied have even lived for fifty years!

The humpback wrasse diet: defender of the coral reef...
Napoleon plays an important role in the ecosystem of coral species. Indeed, giant wrasses are one of the few animals that can feed on the purple acanthaster or Christ's crown (Acanthaster planci), an invasive starfish species whose diet consists almost exclusively of coral. It also feeds on mollusks, crustaceans and other poisonous species such as box fish or sea hares.

However, the napoleon is in danger.
Now protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973), its population is estimated to have halved over the past 30 years. Its fishing is prohibited in many countries, but it is not always controllable, and this animal is still abundantly fished in the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand.
In addition to their pretty colors, giant wrasses have the misfortune of being very tasty and are considered a luxury treat in Hong Kong where some businessmen are willing to pay 2000 USD to wow the gallery by eating a pair of lips!

Please don't feed napoleons!
No more than other species for that matter ... Tourism poses a certain risk for the Napoleon wrasse population. At some tourist hot-spots, animals are baited by food thrown by boats, in other places, dive guides feed them hard-boiled eggs to amuse tourists.
The fish become dependent on these baits and no longer distrust boats or humans.