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Trip Report: North to South Andaman from 11th - 18th November 2023

28/11/2023

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Embarking on a Spectacular Underwater Journey Across Thailand's Pristine Waters...
Gathered from distant corners of the globe, a diverse band of adventurers—hailing from England, the USA, Switzerland, France, and Germany—joined us aboard for an expedition that promised not just a multinational escapade but a passage through time itself, courtesy of a vintage PADI Advanced Open Water certification from the enchanting year of 1985, graciously provided by the remarkable American guest, Craig.
a multinational and multi age crowd this week :)
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Our underwater odyssey commenced with a lovely dive into the depths of Surin National Park, unveiling a canvas teeming with vibrant marine life. The check dive served as a tantalizing precursor to the grandeur awaiting us at Richelieu Rock. The iconic rock, a tapestry of vibrant soft coral in all colors and life, offered a dazzling showcase of aquatic wonders—seahorses, harlequin shrimp, and an array of captivating fish species turned the dive into an exhilarating spectacle.
bait ball thailand
rainbow runners in North andaman thailand
Journeying to Similan National Park: Encounters with Sharks and Barracudas...
Our vessel cruised towards the illustrious Similan National Park, where the ocean revealed its secrets in subtle yet profound ways. The sight of reef sharks, guitarfish, nurse sharks, and the majestic school of barracudas added a thrilling dimension to our underwater exploration, casting a spell of awe over our diverse band of intrepid voyagers.
Beautiful coral reef in Koh Lanta National Park
Wonderful moray eel and vibrant coral reef in Tarutao National Park
Exploring Koh Lanta National Park's Hidden Treasures...
Venturing further, we navigated towards the Koh Lanta National Park, a realm brimming with unexpected encounters. Some among us were graced by the presence of manta rays at Hin Meaung, while others delved into the mystique of ghost-pipefish sightings at Hin Deang. The expedition continued its southern trajectory, leading us to Tarutao National Park, where the depths unraveled an assortment of wonders.
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Tarutao National Park's Kaleidoscope of Marine Marvels...
In Tarutao's embrace, our diving escapades transcended the ordinary. The ocean floor was an exhibition of rare and captivating marine life—a symphony of ghost-pipefish, seahorses, colossal pipefishes adorning the sandy bed, a juvenile cuttlefish, vibrant nudibranchs, and the charming sea moth delighted our senses, painting an unforgettable underwater tableau during the day and we could do a blackwater dive that night with many more creatures to discover.
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Rediscovering Manta Rays and Final Encounters...
Returning to Hin Deang - Hin Meaung, we sought out the elusive manta rays once more. Some among our cohort were fortunate enough to witness their ethereal presence, marking a poignant highlight in our aquatic sojourn. As our expedition drew to a close, the pristine waters around PP Island and the final dive near Phuket revealed a parting gift—encounters with the elegant leopard shark, seahorses, and a myriad of colourful nudibranchs.
Cute and peaceful zebra shark
Gratitude and Farewells...
The Smiling Seahorse team extends heartfelt gratitude to our esteemed guests. Your trust in us to curate a memorable diving experience and enrich your holiday with unparalleled underwater adventures is deeply appreciated. We hope this journey has not only deepened your scuba diving prowess but has also etched indelible memories, infusing your vacation with unparalleled joy and wonder.
The 3 Smiling Seahorse Angels...
​Your presence onboard has illuminated our expedition, transforming it into an unforgettable passage through Thailand's mesmerizing aquatic realms. As you continue your ventures beyond these azure depths, may the memories of this odyssey linger as cherished souvenirs, beckoning you to explore the uncharted depths of the ocean once more. Until we meet again, dive deep and savor the beauty of our world's hidden treasures.

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Trip Report: photo & video expedition from 5th to 9th November 2023

21/11/2023

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Welcome on board for this special photo and video expedition. The guests are coming from America, Germany, Switzerland, France, and Brazil. We are honored to have Mr. Walter Marti (a very talented underwater videographer) with us on board. During this trip, Walter and Franck shared their knowledge with our guests to improve underwater video and photos.
Here are a few photos from our guests. We are super proud of their results! Well done everyone!    
Blotched marble ray
sea star on coral reef
Porcelain crab in anemone
chevron barracudas
harlequin shrimp
Underwater fall
Credit picture by Robert Vogt 
A massive blotched stingray was encountered in Similan National Park. The reef was full of life in Richelieu Rock, with schooling  barracudas, harlequin shrimps, and super fishy all around.   
Clownfish portrait
Moray portrait
Clownfish in anemone
Credit picture by Merry-Jane Wolborsky 
From left to right: A clark anemone fish portrait, white eye moray eel sharing home with a Fibrillated moray and a clown fish home!
Longfin batfish in Similan national park
Longfin batfish in Similan national park. Credit picture by Linda Blanchard
Small tooth emperor
Longfin batfish
Chevron barracudas
trevaly with curtain of glass fish
Redcoat squirrel fish
Beautiful coral reef in Koh Bon
Small tooth emperor hunting with Bluefin trevally, two batfishes, school of chevron barracuda, huge school of trevally with curtain of glass fish, colourful reef with Redcoat squirrel fish at Richelieu Rock and our dear friend Julien enjoy sidemount diving!
Cute nudibranche in North Andaman
tiger egg cowry
Arlequin schrimp in Richelieu Rock
Giant seafan in Richelieu Rock
Some nice nudibranches, tiger egg cowry, harlequin shrimps in Richelieu Rock and giant seafan in Koh Bon pinacle.
Longnosed emperor passing by a school of chevron barracuda.
Longnosed emperor passing by a school of chevron barracuda.
Pelagic anemone
Baby mory eel
Baby emperor fish
Flyfish
Blackwater diving was epic with a curious flying fish coming into our lights. You can also see above a pelagic anemone, a larval moray eel (pretty hard shot to get sharp!), se butterfly and triggerfish...
A big thank you to our guest that make this amazing trip possible
A big thank you to all our guests for making this trip amazing.
Congratulation to Aline for her Advanced Open Wate and Nitrox certifications and to Corrine her Nitrox certification! 
And a big thank you goes out to Walter for coming over, we look forward to the next photo and Video expedition with you next season!

Walter Marty's video of the cruise

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October 22nd-26th 2023 trip report: Unforgettable Adventure in the Mystical Waters of Thailand's North Andaman sea

6/11/2023

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trip report Thailand liveaboard october 2023
school of cobias
Cobias school! Who are they coming with?
Embarking on an expedition through the enchanting North Andaman waters was a voyage that transcended borders, uniting nine avid ocean lovers from the far reaches of America, France, Germany, Holland, and China. Their journey unfurled a tapestry of experiences that melded cultural diversity with the unifying language of underwater marvels.
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The odyssey commenced with a thrilling dive into the depths of the Surin National Park, a trove of marine splendor. The check dive, revealed an expanse brimming with vibrant corals and teeming reef inhabitants. The mesmerizing underwater landscape was a sight to behold, a kaleidoscope of colours painted by nature's brush.
similan coral reef
back to the vibrant colors of the Similan national park!
A swift transition to the renowned Richelieu Rock escalated the expedition to an exhilarating crescendo.

This dive site, a perpetual marvel, was a cornucopia of visual wonders. The explorers were enveloped in a paradise of soft corals, cascading curtains of glass fish, and a bustling metropolis of barracuda and long-nosed emperor fish, escorted by the regal blue-fin trevally. The symphony of marine life danced before their wide-eyed wonder, etching an indelible memory in their hearts.


The journey then led the intrepid voyagers to the captivating haven of the Similan National Park. Here, an immaculate aquatic sanctuary awaited, adorned with an array of marine treasures.

The keen-eyed adventurers were treated to a visual feast - encountering the whimsical nudibranches, elusive lobsters, and a breathtaking array of fishes that painted the waters with their vibrant hues.


Each dive was a chapter in an unfolding saga of underwater opulence, a communion with nature's raw magnificence. The diverse group of thrill-seekers shared not only the joys of discovery but also a bond forged through the shared awe of the ocean's secrets.​
nudibranch of thailand
nudi party for the macro lovers
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thailand blackwater diving liveaboard
Night dives were also really interesting and the cruise was the occasion for most of our guests to try Blackwater diving for the very first time!

​As the sun set on their final day, the memories of this transcendent expedition lingered, etched into the very fabric of their beings. 
school of trevalli in Richelieu rock
lucky divers onboard the smiling seahorse
This escapade into the depths of North Andaman's aquatic realm not only kindled a passion for adventure but also fostered a profound respect for the uncharted mysteries concealed beneath the ocean's surface.

​The voyage was not merely an excursion; it was an immersive journey that sparked a collective thirst for further exploration and a testament to the captivating allure of our planet's underwater wonders.
The nine intrepid souls departed, carrying within them not just stories, but an insatiable appetite for future escapades and a shared camaraderie forged by the breathtaking marvels of the North Andaman waters. As they bid adieu to this aquatic paradise, they left with a promise to return, drawn by the siren call of the unexplored depths.
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The Colorful World of the Peacock Mantis Shrimp

25/10/2023

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If you've never heard of the peacock mantis shrimp, you're in for a real treat! These striking and enigmatic creatures are like the rock stars of the ocean, and they go by the scientific name Odontodactylus scyllarus. Let's dive into their vibrant world and uncover the answers to some of the most burning questions about these incredible marine marvel...
Before we get into the fun facts, let's give credit where it's due: the Latin name. Odontodactylus scyllarus may sound like a mouthful, but when you break it down, it makes sense. "Odontodactylus" translates to "toothed finger," and "scyllarus" is a reference to the Scylla, a sea monster from Greek mythology. So, in a way, the scientific name hints at the mantis shrimp's formidable appendages and its mythical aura.
Odontodactylus scyllarus
Peacock mantis shrimp in Surin Islands
In the world of marine biology, peacock mantis shrimp are the embodiment of beauty, strength, and mystery. Their striking appearance, lightning-fast strikes, and superhuman vision make them a true wonder of the ocean. The more you learn about them, the more you'll realize that there's never a dull moment in the colorful world of the peacock mantis shrimp.
So, the next time you think of oceanic wonders, don't forget to give these marine rock stars the attention they truly deserve! Whether you're a marine enthusiast or simply curious about the wonders of the seas, the peacock mantis shrimp never fails to captivate and astonish with its kaleidoscope of colours and extraordinary abilities.

4 incredible fun facts about the peacock mantis shrimps!

** Mantis Shrimp ​Fun Fact #1: The Peacock of the Sea**

The peacock mantis shrimp earns its dazzling nickname due to its vibrant and iridescent coloration. These marine gems come in a range of spectacular shades, including vibrant greens, blues, and fiery reds. Their bodies are adorned with intricate patterns, making them a true art piece. 
** Mantis Shrimp ​Fun Fact #2: Super Smashers of the Ocean**

Peacock mantis shrimp are not just pretty. They are ferocious predators with a pair of specialised front limbs that can strike with the speed of a bullet! Their clubs can deliver blows with the force of a .22 caliber bullet, and they use this power to break open the shells of prey like crabs and snails they love. The mantis shrimp's hunting prowess is so legendary that it's even been known to break aquarium glass. It's not a pet you'd want to mess with!
Curious mantis shrimp in Koh Lanta National Park
Curious mantis shrimp in Koh Lanta National Park
Peakock mantis shrimp and amazing coral reef
Peakock mantis shrimp and amazing coral reef
** Mantis Shrimp Fun Fact #3: Color Vision Extraordinaire**

Mantis shrimp vision is the stuff of science fiction. While we humans have three color receptors, these oceanic superheroes have sixteen! They can see polarized light, ultraviolet, and colors that are beyond our comprehension. This super-vision helps them spot prey, predators, and mates with astonishing clarity.
** Mantis Shrimp Fun Fact #4: Mantis Shrimps are Neither Mantis, nor Shrimp

​While the name "mantis shrimp" might suggest a curious fusion of a praying mantis and a shrimp, they're neither related to mantises nor actual shrimp. These captivating creatures belong to the stomatopod family, a group of marine crustaceans that have evolved into a unique and independent branch of the evolutionary tree. So, the next time you're pondering their peculiar moniker, just remember that mantis shrimps are in a league of their own, defying conventional categories in the animal kingdom.

An interesting life cycle

Mantis shrimp have a fascinating life cycle. Fertilized eggs are attached to specialized swimmerets on the female's abdomen using a sticky secretion. The female protects and fans the eggs, ensuring oxygen circulation and preventing the growth of harmful fungi or bacteria during the incubation period, which lasts several weeks.
Once ready to hatch, the female releases the eggs into the water, where they become tiny larvae known as nauplii. These larvae go through multiple developmental stages, feeding on plankton and small organisms until they reach maturity, just like other crustaceans. We can see them very regularily on our blackwater dives. After reaching maturity, they settle on the reef.
Larval Mantis Shrimp on blackwater dive
Baby mantis shrimp on blackwater dive
Very small larval mantis shrimp on blackwater dive
This alien face is a larval mantis shrimp
Blackwater diving, larval mantis shrimp
This little alien will become a beautiful mantis shrimp

Smasher vs Spearer Mantis Shrimp

The raptorial appendages of the mantis shrimp have different shapes depending on the species. Some have claw-like appendages known as "spearers," while others have appendages that resemble hammers, giving rise to the name "smashers."
The peacock mantis shrimps are "smashers" and are particularly fascinating because they can strike with a force greater than most other animals, despite their relatively small size.  It is believed that this incredible punching ability is a result of the mantis shrimp's unique muscle structure, which combines spring-like mechanisms with a locking mechanism to store and release energy rapidly.
Below are a few photos of Spearing Mantis Shrimp
(Lysiosquilla maculata). They are much lighter in colour and live in a vertical burrow in the sand, while peacock mantis shrimp prefers rocky areas on the reef.
eyes of a spearing mantis shrimp
eyes of a spearing mantis shrimp
eyes of a spearing mantis shrimp
Mantis shrimp camouflaged on the coral reel
spearing mantis shrimp
Well camouflaged spearing mantis shrimp
Mantis shrimp well camouflaged in the sand
spearing mantis shrimp eyes
Mantis shrimp in the sand

​Now, let's answer some of the most common questions people ask about peacock mantis shrimp:

**1. Can peacock mantis shrimp see more colors than humans?**
  • Humans have three color receptors (red, green, and blue cones), allowing us to perceive a wide range of colours.
  • Peacock mantis shrimp have an astonishing sixteen (or more) colour receptors, enabling them to see colours beyond human comprehension, including ultraviolet light and polarized light.
  • In the underwater realm, the peacock mantis shrimp's eyes are a true anomaly. Their ability to see a rainbow of colors and polarized light sets them apart as one of the ocean's most visually gifted inhabitants. In comparaison, horses or dogs, are called dichromatic, meaning they have two primary color receptors or cones in their eyes. Less than humans and much much less than Mantis Shrimps!
Another great Frank's shot of a peakock mantis shrimp
Supersonic Vision!
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Bullet fast punch!
**2. How fast is the peacock mantis shrimp's punch?**

The peacock mantis shrimp has one of the most powerful and fastest punches in the animal kingdom. It possesses specialized appendages called "raptorial appendages" that it uses to strike its prey. These appendages, also known as "smashers," are highly dexterous and possess incredible strength.
When a peacock mantis shrimp strikes, it accelerates its "hammer like appendage" at an astonishing speed of 23 meters per second. This unbelievable speed generates an impressive amount of force, with some estimates suggesting that it can exert up to 1,500 Newtons, which is equivalent to a bullet being fired from a .22 caliber rifle!
**3. Are peacock mantis shrimp dangerous to humans?**

While their punch can shatter shells and glass, mantis shrimps aren't a threat to humans. However, it's wise not to bring your fingers too close to their powerful hammers!!!
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**4. How do peacock mantis shrimp communicate with each other?**

These mantis shrimp often use a combination of visual signals and body language for communication. They display various color patterns and postures to convey information about their intentions, such as territorial disputes or courtship rituals.
**5. What are some interesting behaviors of peacock mantis shrimp?**

Peacock mantis shrimp are known for their meticulous burrowing behavior. They construct intricate burrows with multiple chambers, which serve as both protection and a place to ambush unsuspecting prey. They are also quite territorial and will fiercely defend their burrows.
**6. Can peacock mantis shrimp regenerate their limbs?**

Yes, peacock mantis shrimp have a remarkable ability to regenerate their limbs if they get injured or lose one during battles or accidents. Their powerful resilience is another testament to their extraordinary adaptations.
**7. Where can you find peacock mantis shrimp in the wild?**

Peacock mantis shrimp inhabit the warm waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, particularly in the tropical coral reefs. You can often spot them in rocky crevices and burrows along the seafloor. While amazing and incredible creatures, Mantis shrimps are not rare in our dives and and our guides see them on every single one of our Andaman Sea adventures.

Wanna know more about the Marine Life of the Andaman Sea? Check out this page for reference!
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Triggerfish you can encounter while diving in the Andaman Sea

7/9/2023

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Trigger fish you can encounter while diving in the Andaman Sea
There are many species of trigger fish who belongs to the Balistidae family. They live in shallow water near coral reef except for the oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) who's spend his life in the blue.
oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata)
Oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata)
Titan Triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens)
Titan Triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens)
The most know, specially for his aggressive behavior against divers, is the Titan Triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens). They are in fact protecting their eggs.

​Female will lay their eggs few days before new and full moon after male and female will perform some prespawnings behavior like blowing and touching, to create their nest on sandy or rocky area. They will blow water to create a hole in the floor where the female will lays his eggs. The male will protect and defend the territory from any species swimming too close, and also from the other male triggerfish. Generally, a male will fecund the eggs of few females within his territory.
The impressive tooth of the titan triggerfish
The impressive tooth of the titan triggerfish
Titan triggerfish are known to attack diver who are swimming to close to their nest
Beautiful titan triggerfish observing us
They are known to attack diver who are swimming too close to their nest, and a common diver mistake would be to escape them by shallowing up. Their territory is in a cone shape from the nest getting bigger while going up. So the good reaction would be to swim away horizontal to get out of their zone quickly, keeping our fins in the direction of the fish to avoid any harm.

Another good way to avoid any attack would be to observe their change of behavior.

​They would rise their dorsal fin first, then lean on one side as a last warning, then finally if we are getting even closer to them, they will swim towards us trying to bite whatever they can catch.
This generally happen only when they are keeping an eye on their eggs...
Clown triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum)
Clown triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum)
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The beautiful "body painting" of the clown triggerfish
Another trigger fish we love is the clown triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum) with its white dots on the lower part of the body and its yellow blotch on the back and the face.
​They are less common than the titan, the redtooth or the yellow margin, but still can be found in the archipelago.
Redtooth triggerfish
Redtooth triggerfish
The redtooth triggerfish (Odonus niger) live specially on our pinnacle and like when there is current.
​They will go and hide in cracks and little cavities to rest. They form school and eat mainly plankton.
Yellowmargin triggerfish (Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus)
Yellowmargin triggerfish (Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus)
The yellowmargin triggerfish (Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus) is also very common in the archipelago. It lives in coral reefs and can grow up to 60 cm.
A titan triggerfish on the blue...
A titan triggerfish on the blue...
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Discover the magnificent species of sharks that you may encounter in the Andaman Sea.

11/7/2023

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Discover the magnificent species of sharks that you may encounter in the Andaman Sea.
The Andaman Sea in Thailand and Myanmar is a paradise for divers enthusiasts, boasting a diverse ecosystem that is home to an array of captivating marine life. Among the majestic creatures that roam these waters, sharks hold a special place in the hearts of many... 
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In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of sharks that you can encounter in the Andaman Sea...

9 species of sharks we most often encounter in the Andaman Sea

1. Leopard Sharks (Stegostoma fasciatum):
Leopard Sharks (Stegostoma fasciatum)
Leopard Sharks (Stegostoma fasciatum)
Also known as zebra sharks, these mesmerizing creatures can be found in the shallow waters of the Andaman Sea. With their distinctive patterns of dark spots and stripes, leopard sharks are a sight to behold. Despite their size, reaching up to 3 meters in length, they are docile and pose no threat to humans.
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Type: The zebra shark is the sole member of the family Stegostomatidae.
It is found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific, frequenting coral reefs and sandy flats to a depth of 62 meter.


Size: 1–3 meters.

Habitat: what site gives you the best changes to see Leopard sharks?
Divers often encounter them at Phuket Shark point resting on sandy bottoms or gracefully gliding through coral reefs.


Reproduction: Zebra sharks are oviparous, meaning they lay eggs instead of giving live birth. They can breed year-round without a distinct mating season. However, they tend to lay their eggs within a 112-day period, typically laying only 3-4 eggs at a time. The eggs are enclosed in brownish-purple casings known as "mermaid purses." After four to six months, the eggs hatch, and the juvenile zebra sharks can fend for themselves and search for food. 
2. Whitetip Reef Sharks (Triaenodon obesus)
Whitetip Reef Sharks (Triaenodon obesus)
Whitetip Reef Sharks (Triaenodon obesus)
These sleek and slender sharks are commonly spotted in the Andaman Sea, particularly around rocky reefs and coral formations. Named for their prominent white-tipped dorsal and caudal fins, whitetip reef sharks are nocturnal hunters, often seen resting during the day in crevices or under overhangs. Although they can reach lengths of up to 2 meters, they are generally timid and pose little danger to humans.

Type:
Requiem shark in the Carcharhinidae family

What site gives you the best changes to see White tip reef sharks?
Divers often encounter them close to deep drop offs in the Similan islands such as elephant head rock or 3 trees.

Reproduction
: this species is placental viviparous. Fertilization occurs internally, and the embryos receive nourishment initially from the yolk sac. Later, the yolk stalk converts into an umbilical cord, and the yolk sac transforms into a placenta.

This placental connection allows the embryos to receive nourishment and engage in metabolic exchanges with the mother shark during the gestation period, which lasts for at least five months. This aslo means these sharks have a belly button! Litters of white tip reef sharks consist of 1-5 pups. The length of the newborn pups ranges from 52 to 60 cm. There is no parental care provided by the mother shark after giving birth to the pups.

3. Blacktip Reef Sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus):
Blacktip Reef Sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus):
Blacktip Reef Sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus)
One of the most recognizable shark species in the Andaman Sea, blacktip reef sharks are renowned for their distinctive black-tipped fins and slender bodies. These agile swimmers are commonly found in shallow, nearshore waters, patrolling coral reefs in search of small fish and crustaceans. Divers can witness their graceful movements and occasionally observe them leaping out of the water.

Type: Requiem shark in the Carcharhinidae family

What site gives you the best changes to see Black tip reef sharks?
Divers often encounter them in shallow waters and Bida Nok in Phi Phi national park gives you the best chance to see several of them if you remain motionless and quiet.


Reproduction: Black tip reef sharks are viviparous, meaning they give live birth to fully developed pups. After a gestation period lasting seven to sixteen months, varying by geographic location, two to four pups are born, they measure 30 to 50 cm. The female possesses two separate uteruses, each dedicated to nurturing an individual embryo. 
4. ​Nurse Sharks (Nebrius ferrugineus)
Nurse Sharks (Nebrius ferrugineus)
Nurse Sharks (Nebrius ferrugineus)
Nurse sharks, with their robust bodies and barbels on their lower jaw, are a common sight in the Andaman Sea. These bottom-dwelling sharks prefer sandy or muddy habitats, often resting during the day and becoming more active at night. Despite their size, which can exceed 4 meters, nurse sharks are generally placid and pose no threat to divers unless provoked.

Type:
Carpet shark in the Ginglymostomatidae family


Size
: 27cm at birth to up to 4 meters


What site gives you the best changes to see Nurse sharks?
The best site to see Nurse shark in our area is around the Burma banks and quiet caves in Mergui Archipelago. While they can be spotted in Thailand, it is more of a rare, less predictable occurance.


Reproduction:
an aplacental viviparous species (without a yolk-sac placenta). 20-50 pups per litter. DNA analysis has shown that litters contain young from multiple males.

5. Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier):
Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)
Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)
The tiger shark is a captivating and powerful predator found in the North Andaman Sea and Burma. With its distinctive striped pattern and formidable presence, it commands attention. Known for its opportunistic feeding habits and adaptability, the tiger shark is a skilled hunter, preying on a variety of marine life. While encounters may be less common than with other shark species, the Andaman Sea's diverse ecosystem provides a suitable habitat for tiger sharks. Keep an eye out during your explorations for a chance to witness these impressive creatures in action.

​Type: Largest of the Carcharinid Sharks

Habitat/ What site gives you the best changes to see Tiger sharks? Tigersharks are very rarely spotted in Thailand and Myanmar, we've seen 3 individuals in 12 years of diving the Andaman Sea! Encounters occurred at the Burma Banks, Surin islands and Shark point int he south of the Similan islands.
​

Reproduction: The tiger shark is the only aplacental viviparous carcharinid, lacking a placental connection to the uterus. Embryos develop in protective shells with a yellowish fluid. They have partially everted stomachs, potentially absorbing extra nutrients from the fluid, resulting in larger pups at birth. Do not confuse Tiger shark and sand tiger sharks. Unlike sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus), tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) do not practice intrauterine cannibalism, refraining from consuming their siblings in the womb.
6. Silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
Silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
Silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
The silvertip shark is a sleek and striking predator that patrols the ocean with grace. Named for its distinctive silver-tipped fins, this species possesses a streamlined body built for speed and agility. With its sharp senses and excellent swimming abilities, the silvertip shark is an adept hunter, often preying on schools of fish. It is known for its bold and curious nature, making encounters with this magnificent creature both exhilarating and unforgettable.

Type:  Requiem shark in the Carcharhinidae family

Habitat/ What site gives you the best changes to see Silvertip sharks? While it generally prefers offshore habitats, it can also be encountered in the Andaman Sea, including the waters around Burma.

Reproduction: Silvertip sharks are a viviparous species with a yolk-sac placenta. Each litter typically consists of 1 to 11 pups. The gestation period of silvertip sharks lasts around 12 months. During this time, the embryos develop inside the mother's uterus, receiving nourishment from a yolk-sac placenta.
7. Gray Bamboo Shark (Chiloscyllium griseum):
Gray Bamboo Shark (Chiloscyllium griseum)
Gray Bamboo Shark (Chiloscyllium griseum)
Let's take a closer look at the delightful grey bamboo shark! While information about these Thailand-dwelling sharks is somewhat limited, one thing is clear: they have a knack for hiding. These elusive creatures prefer the seclusion of caves or the shelter of coral, making it challenging to gather extensive details about their habits and behaviors.

The grey bamboo shark, with a maximum length of around 80cm, prefers a diet consisting mainly of shrimp, crabs, worms, and other small fish. These sharks have a more leisurely pace and tend to stick close to the ocean floor or find cozy hideouts. It's worth noting that they often get mistaken for other bamboo shark species or even their distant (much larger) relative, the nurse shark.


Type:
Carpet shark in the Hemiscylliidae family


Size
: Maximum size 80cm. Size at birth less than 13-18cm.


Habitat/ What site gives you the best changes to see bamboo sharks?
 
Volcano and square rocks at the south of Mergui Archipelago have plenty of hiding spots favoured by bamboo sharks but as they lay quite deep into the cracks, you will need the help of a good guide to find them!

Reproduction:
  bamboo sharks are oviparous. A single egg case develops in each uterus.

Their eggs hatch after 14 to 15 weeks of incubation. One captive female stored sperm for 45 months before fertilization!

8. Coral Catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus)
Coral Catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus)
Coral Catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus)

The coral catshark, is a species that is commonly found in the Andaman Sea, including the waters around Burma.

The coral catshark is known for its distinctive appearance, with a marbled pattern of dark spots and blotches on its body. It is a small shark species, typically reaching a maximum length of about 70 centimeters. These sharks are primarily found in shallow, tropical waters, often inhabiting coral reefs and rocky areas.

Like other catsharks, the coral catshark is nocturnal and spends much of its time resting on the seabed during the day. At night, it becomes more active, hunting for small fishes, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. These sharks have slender bodies and are well adapted to navigating through the crevices and coral structures of their reef habitats.

In the Andaman Sea and Burma, the coral catshark is one of the many species that contribute to the rich biodiversity of the region's marine ecosystems. It serves as an important part of the food chain and plays a role in maintaining the balance of the reef ecosystem.

Type: is a species of catshark in the Scyliorhinidae family

Habitat/ What site gives you the best changes to see coral Catsharks? 

Steps, a dive site near Koh Lipe in our South Andaman itineraries is your surest bet to sea coral catsharks.

Reproduction: Cat sharks are oviparous (meaning, they lay eggs that hatch after 1 to 6 weeks of incubation). Their eggs are layed in pair.
9. Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus)
Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus)
Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus)
80cm - Pakistan 2017
Undoubtedly one of the most majestic creatures in the ocean, the gentle giant known as the whale shark occasionally graces the waters of the Andaman Sea. Despite their enormous size, reaching lengths of up to 18 meters, these filter-feeding sharks pose no harm to humans. Snorkelers and divers are blessed with unforgettable encounters as they swim alongside these magnificent creatures, observing their peaceful nature.

Type: Filter feeding sharks in the rhincodontidae family

Habitat/ What site gives you the best changes to see Whale sharks?
While Whalesharks can be spotted anywhere in Thai waters, the Andaman Sea offers several prime locations for shark encounters, such as the Richelieu Rock in the North or Hin Deang, Hin Muang and 8 Mile Rock in the South of Thailand. Renowned for their abundance of marine life including whale sharks, the Mergui Archipelago in Myanmar is also a great spot where divers can witness a diverse range of shark species including whale sharks.

Reproduction: Limited information is available regarding the reproductive process of whale sharks. Male whale sharks are considered sexually mature when they reach a length of 8-9 m and can be identified by the presence of claspers near the pelvic fin. However, the size at which females reach maturity is unknown, as well as the existence and location of specific breeding grounds.
Whale sharks are believed to be ovoviviparous (aplacental viviparity), meaning that eggs develop inside the female's body and hatch internally. The embryos lack a placental connection with the mother and are initially nourished by the yolk sac, followed by uterine milk secreted by villi in the internal uterine wall. Once the embryos reach full term, they are live born.
​

A female whale shark harpooned off the coast of Taiwan contained approximately 300 embryos in her two uteri, ranging in size from 42 to 63 cm. It is suggested that newborn pups typically measure between 55 to 64 cm in length. Similar to other shark species, parental care is not observed in whale sharks.
​Learn more about the
mystery of baby whale sharks here.

Ways sharks reproduce

Final Thought

It's important to note that responsible diving practices, such as maintaining a respectful distance and refraining from touching or feeding the sharks, are crucial to protect both the sharks and the delicate marine ecosystem they inhabit.

Diving in the Andaman Sea presents a thrilling opportunity to witness the beauty and grandeur of these fascinating sharks. As ambassadors of the ocean, it is our duty to cherish and respect these magnificent creatures, ensuring their preservation for generations to come.

Attention passionate divers! If you're eager to dive deeper into the world of gentle giants, then the Whale Sharks Special Expedition is an absolute must for you!

​Join us on an unforgettable journey through the North and South Andaman Sea, where you'll have the incredible opportunity to learn about these magnificent creatures firsthand. Our expert marine biologist, Kirsty Magson from the esteemed Thailand Whale Shark Project, will provide captivating daily presentations on the mesmerizing world of Whale Sharks. Prepare to be enlightened, inspired, and amazed by this unique expedition!
Whale Sharks expedition 19-03-2024
So, gear up, dive in, and embark on an unforgettable adventure with the sharks of the Andaman Sea onboard The MV Smiling Seahorse !
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Discover the Enigmatic Sea Snakes: Fascinating Creatures of the Ocean

2/7/2023

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Discover the Enigmatic Sea Snakes: Fascinating Creatures of the Ocean
The vast oceans are home to a multitude of captivating and unique creatures, and among them are the enigmatic sea snakes. These serpentine reptiles have adapted to life in marine environments and are renowned for their remarkable features. In this blog post, we will delve into the intriguing world of sea snakes and explore their fascinating characteristics.
 
Sea snakes belong to two subfamilies, Hydrophiinae (true sea snakes) and Laticaudinae (sea krait, who are semiaquatic).
 
In Thailand and Myanmar we have the chance to encounter regularly representatives of these two families: 
The yellow-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis platurus) is a true marine snake (hydrophiinae family) who leaves a pelagic life and never goes on land! We have only encountered this snake durong our blackwater dive, offshore, never on the reef.
Yellow-bellied sea snake
Yellow-bellied sea snake
The banded sea krait (Laticauda colubrina), on the other hand, belong to the Laticaudinae family. They are semi-aquatic with feature adapted to a life between land and the ocean. These are the sea snakes we most often see while diving on the reef.
the banded sea krait (Laticauda colubrina)
The banded sea krait (Laticauda colubrina)

Diversity and Distribution

Sea kraits on the reef
Sea krait on the coral reef
True sea snakes comprise as many as 53 species whilst the partially terrestrial Laticauda or sea kraits comprise five species only.
 
Both can be found in the warm waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, particularly in regions such as the Coral Triangle, the Andaman Sea, and the Great Barrier Reef.
 
Curiously, they are not found in the Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, or Caribbean Sea. Their distribution ranges from coastal shallows to deeper offshore waters, and they exhibit various ecological adaptations to their preferred habitats.
​
Both true sea snakes and sea kraits inhabit the sea, but sea kraits can also be observed on land while true sea kraits are true pelagic.
 
Both sea snakes and Sea kraits feature a flattened tail that help them swim, but Sea kraits' bodies are cylindrical enabling them to crawl on land, while sea snakes are ribbon like bodies making them even stronger swimmers.
 
On average, adult sea snakes (including sea kraits) measure between 1 and 1.5 meter in length.

Can Sea Snakes breath underwater

Snakes, much like turtles are reptiles not  fish, they must periodically swim to the water's surface to replenish their oxygen supply
Snakes, much like turtles are reptiles not  fish, they must periodically swim to the water's surface to replenish their oxygen supply before descending back to the depths of the reef.
 
While many sea snakes (including sea kraits) need to resurface every half an hour to breathe, certain species of sea snakes (including the yellow-bellied sea snake) possess an extraordinary ability to remain submerged for up to eight hours.
 
This superpower is made possible by their unique capability to absorb approximately 33% of their required oxygen and eliminate around 90% of carbon dioxide through their skin. The nostrils of a true sea snake (positioned on top of their snout) have the ability to close when the animal is underwater.

Can sea snakes die of thirst

Yes! while surrounded by (sea) water, Sea snakes can die of thirst.
While they live in the oceans, sea snakes cannot extract fresh water from the saline sea. Kraits may drink water from land or the sea surface, but True sea snakes (while they have teh ability to expel part of the salt they ingest) must wait for rain to drink the relatively fresh water floating on the sea's surface.

Are sea snakes venomous or poisonous?
​

Banded sea krait portrait
Banded sea krait portrait
Sea snakes are extremely venomous creatures (their bite will create quite a lot of damage), however, they are not considered aggressive towards humans and will only bite if they feel threatened or provoked.
 
It's important to maintain a respectful distance and avoid handling or disturbing these fascinating creatures if encountered in their natural habitat. The same apply to all underwater creatures: Do not touch!
The same caution should be exercised with snakes found washed up on beaches. Snakes may feign death as a defense mechanism, and even a deceased or decapitated snake can still reflexively bite.
 
Survival tip: In the event of being stranded at sea, it is possible to consume sea snakes for sustenance. They are not poisonous (ie: can be eaten) but to survive, you better avoid getting bitten!

Diet and predation for sea snake

Banded sea krait VS pelagic sea snakes
Banded sea krait on the reef
True sea snakes are skilled predators that primarily consume small fish, fish eggs, and young octopuses. These sea snakes can be active either during the day or at night, displaying versatility in their feeding habits. On the other hand, sea kraits are nocturnal feeders that primarily target eels as their preferred prey. They supplement their diet with crabs, squid, and fish they find while exploring the reef and crevices.
 
While there have been no observations of sea kraits feeding on land, we know that they do return to land to facilitate the digestion of their prey.
In their natural habitat, sea snakes face predation from eels, sharks, rays and other large fish.

Reproduction and Life Cycle of sea snakes and sea kraits:

Reptiles (including sea snakes) reproduce by laying eggs, but there are two distinct methods of hatching: viviparity and oviparous.
 
Oviparity is the most common method of reptile reproduction, and it is observed in species like sea kraits (and turtles).  Oviparous reptiles lay eggs externally, usually in a safe location where the eggs can develop. The mother does not provide direct nourishment to the developing embryos; instead, the eggs contain a yolk sac that provides the necessary nutrients for their growth.
 
The banded Sea krait (much like turtles) usually returns to the same beach it was born on to lay its own clutches of up to 10 eggs.
These eggs are then left to fend for themselves and rely on environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, for proper incubation. Once the embryos have fully developed within the eggs, they hatch, and the young reptiles emerge.
Viviparity is a reproductive strategy seen in other reptiles, such as yellow-bellied sea snakes. In viviparous species, the embryo develops inside the mother's body and receives nourishment directly from her through a specialized structure, such as a placenta or yolk sac. The mother provides a nurturing environment for the embryos, supplying them with nutrients and protecting them until they are ready to be born as fully developed offspring. This method allows for internal development and live birth, similar to some mammalian species. This adaptation allows the newborn snakes to feed on its very first day and give them a higher chance of survival in the open ocean.
Yellow-bellied sea snake on the blackwater dives
Yellow-bellied sea snake on the blackwater dives
In summary, while reptiles, including sea snakes, generally lay eggs, they employ different methods of hatching. Viviparous species, like yellow-bellied sea snakes, give birth to live young after internal development and maternal nourishment. Oviparous species, such as sea kraits, lay eggs externally, and the embryos develop inside the eggs with nutrients from the yolk sac until they hatch independently.

Conservation and Threat

Like many marine species, sea snakes and kraits face various threats due to human activities and habitat degradation. Pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction pose significant challenges to their survival. Some species are also at risk from accidental bycatch in fishing nets. It is crucial to raise awareness and take steps to protect these remarkable creatures and their delicate ecosystems.

Sea Snakes superpowers

Sea snakes possess some truly fascinating superpowers! Just like their land-dwelling relatives, they use their tongues to gather vital information about their surroundings. But here's the cool part: sea snake tongues are actually shorter than those of regular snakes. Why, you ask?
sea snakes in the andaman sea
Sea snake in thailand
Sea snake swimming in the blue
Well, it turns out that it's much easier for them to "taste" molecules in the water than in the air. Talk about a handy adaptation!
 
But wait, there's more! Sea snakes have a nifty trick up their scaly sleeves when it comes to dealing with salt. Since they ingest salt along with their prey, these clever creatures have special sublingual glands located beneath their tongues. These glands work like magic, allowing the sea snake to remove excess salt from its blood and expel it with a flick of the tongue. It's like having a built-in salt filter – pretty impressive, right?
 
Now, when it comes to sea snake vision, scientists are still unraveling the mysteries. While it seems that their vision plays a limited role in hunting and finding mates, sea snakes have other extraordinary sensory abilities. They possess special mechanoreceptors that help them sense vibrations and movement, giving them a heightened awareness of their aquatic surroundings. Some sea snakes even respond to pheromones to identify potential mates.

​But hold on tight, because the superpowers of sea snakes don't stop there. These incredible creatures may have the ability to detect electromagnetic fields and pressure, although the exact cells responsible for these senses are still a mystery to scientists.

​Imagine having a sixth sense that lets you perceive things beyond what meets the eye! Sea snakes truly embody the wonders of the underwater world, showcasing a range of remarkable abilities that make them stand out in the snake kingdom.
sea krait on the reef
Brace yourselves for an extraordinary journey into the depths of the ocean aboard The MV Smiling Seahorse. Get ready to embark on an awe-inspiring underwater adventure where you'll have the chance to encounter an array of remarkable marine life, including these superstars of the sea: sea snakes!
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