​The cuttlefish is actually not a fish at all! Together with the Octopus, Squids or Nautilus, they are invertebrate animals belonging to the Cephalopod family. Not to be confused with the Squid, which lives in the open water, the cuttlefish is a resident on a coral reef.

Are cuttlefish dangerous ? 

Cuttlefish are totally harmless to Humans and usually quite inquisitive and friendly. Not common in Thailand, the Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia Pfefferi), is the only poisonous cuttlefish. But they do not sting or bite so you would have to eat it to endanger yourself...
​When they hunt or seek to attract a breeding partner, they live up to their name and their skin takes on the colours of a flame testifying of their toxicity.

​The most common cuttlefish we encounter when diving in the Andaman sea are Pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) an inquisitive dive buddy!

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Nowadays, there are more than 3000 species of nudibranchs. The diversity of possible color combinations and patterns is impressive. They are all unique in their own way and are the delight of underwater photographers who are always delighted to find these mysterious and beautiful species.

Nudibranchs should make the most of their short lives. Indeed, while most nudibranchs live only a few weeks, the luckiest species rarely live up to over a year.

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Green turtles and Hawksbill turtles are the most commonly encountered in the Andaman Sea.
​The green turtle is one of the largest sea turtles and weight on average 80 to 130 kg. Its carapace, made of fused ribs, measures on average 115 cm, but the largest ones can reach a weight of 300 kg for a carapace length of 1,5 m.
Sea turtles are cold blooded animals, belonging to the classification of reptiles, just like snakes, crocodiles or dinausaures!

       - recognize their carapace - 

Babies hatch after a 6 to 7 weeks incubation and have the fend for themselves without ever meeting their parents. Only one in a thousand will reach adulthood.​

3 Green turtles Fun facts for the road!
1- the sex of the turtle comes from the temperature of the nest. Warmer nest will give more female hatchlings, colder nest will deliver more males! 
2- Scientists have demonstrated in lab generated magnetic fields that sea turtles have the ability to detect the Earth's magnetic field and use it as an orientation cue.
3- Green Turtles can cry! Crying doesn't happen when they are sad but help them to clear their eyes from salt build-ups.

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The most common confusion among divers concerns the Leopard Shark, very often confused with the Zebra Shark, which is frequently encountered when diving in tropical areas.

Both species have the particularity, in adulthood, of sporting a spotted coat like the African leopard.
However, the two species are biologically different and very easily differentiable.
 
On the left, the Zebra Shark is born with "zebra lines" which change into leopard-like-spots when they reach adulthood. Their Cylindrical body measure from 50cm at birth to 3.50 m when fully grown with prominent ridges along the flanks. Upped lobe of the caudal fin is very long.
 
On the right, the Leopard Shark has a unique spotted gray-dress an can measure up to 1.80m, so it is a bit smaller than its congener the Zebra Shark. It lives in the cold to temperate waters bordering the United States, from the Gulf of Mexico to Oregon. Its favorite areas of evolution are the turbid, shallow and rough areas of the seaside, the sandy bottoms and the rocky substrates of the kelp forests.
This lovely little shark is probably the reason why American divers call Stegostoma tigrinum "zebra shark" but the rest of the world (diving warmer water and hence never in touch with the triakis semifasciata) just call them "Leopard shark"...

So what does Zebra Shark (or false leopard shark) look like when they are younger?
Rarely photographed in the wild, Zebra sharks look black with white zebra marking at birth and develop their "leopard" patterns after a few weeks.

The Zebra Shark can be found in the shallow waters all around the Indian Ocean and West Pacific from South Africa to the Red Sea, from India to North Australia and from china to New Caledonia and Southern Japan. They usually hang out on sandy batches near coral reef where they can find their food.

The Zebra Shark is known for its foraging habits; it feeds and moves mostly at night, foraging for crabs, sea urchins, small fish, snails, and other invertebrates hiding in holes and crevices. They have great whisker-like organs (barbels, in front of their snout, helping them seek out their prey). They are also equipped with smallmouth and strong gill muscles to snatch up prey but are not as strong as active fish hunter as many other sharks. They prefer to rest on the ocean floor during the daytime, where they can breathe and pump water through their gills while remaining motionless. When there are strong water currents, they might seem to be surfing as they adjust their fins to stay motionless in the open water.

Stegostoma tigrinum usually live a solitary life and only seek each other during the mating seasons. During courtship, the male Zebra Shark will follow the female, bite vigorously at her pectoral fin and tails, with occasions where he holds her fins down. These usually happen at the bottom, and a long time before, the male curls its body around the female’s and joins his claspers with her cloaca. The mating usually lasts about five minutes. Females lay about four eggs at a time, but some studies show they can lay up to 46 eggs over 112 days. The egg cases are usually between brown and dark purple, with fine hairs around, helping them stay anchored or secured when developing. Eggs may hatch in between four to six months.

We hope you liked this blogpost and found the information you were looking for. Check out our Marine life section for more fun facts about Andaman Sea life! 
​What else do you know about leopard sharks? share in the comment section below!

Nautilus is a cephalopod, a nearby relative of octopuses and squids. This creature can be found in the tropical waters of Indian and Pacific seas, close to the coral reefs, near depth areas of 300 to 600 meters. Nautilus are  (like most marine species these days) affected by over-fishing and by the fact that their beautiful shells are sold as ornaments. 

This article is going to teach you how to differentiate the 3 most common species of  Scorpionfish we encounter in the Andaman sea: Bearded Scorpionfish, Devil Scorpionfish and Stonefish.

These three species are often mistaken because they are quite similar (indeed they belong to the same family), but below are some simple tips to tell them appart during your next dive trip.

Let’s start with their similarities:
- these members of the Scorpaenidae family live on to the ocean floor, often hiding among the coral reef and swim about as well as a chicken can fly...
- They have large heads with strong bony cheek and a surprisingly wide mouth which can capture large preys.
- They are not aggressive but their back spines are highly poisonous. They are not agressive but under attack, they expand their spines to protect themselves and quickly escape to a nearby hideout. 
- They are all sedentary prey-stalkers using the same passive strategy as a gecko. You will rarely see them moving something other than their eyes except when they are swallowing whole a prey that passed a bit too close...

A little infographic to help you differentiate visually the 3 species

 That’s it for today, let’s hope that you learned how to differentiate these 3 species and that you will observe them in our company on The Smiling Seahorse’s boat!

The ribbon Eel is the only member of its genus. Scientists thought for a long time that there were 3 types of ribbon eel, the black, the blue, and the yellow species. But now we know they form a unique species changing sex and colour during its lifespan!

You can find the Ribbon eel in sandy areas around reefs and lagoons of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. It can be found in very shallow waters down to 60m.
It usually stays in the same cave for months or even years and two individuals (usually adult males) can be seen sharing the same hole.

​The ribbon eel is a carnivore which preys on small fish and other animals that swim too close to their hole. They can be generally observed poking their head out of their hole waiting to catch  prey as it wanders past.

Every individual is born as male.
Juveniles and sub-adults are black with a yellow dorsal fin. When they reach adulthood, they keep the yellow fin but the body turns blue and starts developing female reproductive organs.
​When they reach their full size, they turn into female and change their color to complete yellow.
They will then find a mate, lay their eggs, and die within a month.

It is due to their short lifespan that the female ribbon eels are rarely observed.

The ribbon is the only protandric hermaphrodite eel, meaning they are capable of changing sex to female if there is a shortage of natural females in the environment.