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Napoleon, the emperor of warm seas

30/5/2022

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Napoleon, the emperor of warm seas
If you are passionate about colorful reefs, you probably know the Napoleon fish! Also called giant wrasse or humpback wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) it is an emblematic tropical reef fish and although on average it is 60 cm, it can reach up to 2.30 m long and weigh over 200 kg! 
Napoleon's cocked hat.
Napoleon's cocked hat.
Napoleon, what a funny name ?!
This labrum owes its name to its hump, which recalls Napoleon's cocked hat.
Its scientific name, however, Cheilinus Undulatus, means "wavy lips" in reference to the full lips of this pretty fish.
Long live the Emperor Napoleon!
The wrasse lives mainly in the Indo-Pacific region, where it lives in the waters of 48 countries between 0 and 100 meters deep. This wrasse has an exceptional life expectancy: 25-30 years, and some individuals studied have even lived for fifty years!
During its development, the giant wrasse will change sex.
The Napoleon fish is a Trans!
During its development, the giant wrasse will change sex. We then speak of successive hermaphroditism. All giant wrasses are born female and reach their sexual majority around the age of 7. Some individuals would then become males around their fifteenth year. Their appearance changes: they drop the red-orange of their scales for a more or less bright blue-green color, and their legendary bump develops and becomes more pronounced with age.
Male Napoléon fish
Male Napoléon fish
The humpback wrasse diet: defender of the coral reef...
Napoleon plays an important role in the ecosystem of coral species. Indeed, giant wrasses are one of the few animals that can feed on the purple acanthaster or Christ's crown (Acanthaster planci), an invasive starfish species whose diet consists almost exclusively of coral. It also feeds on mollusks, crustaceans and other poisonous species such as box fish or sea hares.
The humpback wrasse diet: defender of the coral reef...
However, the napoleon is in danger.
Now protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973), its population is estimated to have halved over the past 30 years. Its fishing is prohibited in many countries, but it is not always controllable, and this animal is still abundantly fished in the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand.
In addition to their pretty colors, giant wrasses have the misfortune of being very tasty and are considered a luxury treat in Hong Kong where some businessmen are willing to pay 2000 USD to wow the gallery by eating a pair of lips!
Now protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973), its population is estimated to have halved over the past 30 years.
Please don't feed napoleons!
No more than other species for that matter ... Tourism poses a certain risk for the Napoleon wrasse population. At some tourist hot-spots, animals are baited by food thrown by boats, in other places, dive guides feed them hard-boiled eggs to amuse tourists.
The fish become dependent on these baits and no longer distrust boats or humans.
Please don't feed Napoléon fish!
If you liked this article, please share it and if you have any other info on this magnificent emperor, leave us a comment below!
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All about the magnificent Ribbon Eel

14/3/2022

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The Marine Drag Queen

ribbon eel the drag queen of the seas blog post
Scientific name : Rhinomuranea Quaesita

The ribbon Eel is the only member of its genus. Scientists thought for a long time that there were 3 types of ribbon eel, the black, the blue, and the yellow species. But now we know they form a unique species changing sex and colour during its lifespan!

1) ITS HABITAT

Ribbon eels can live up to 20 years, and can grow up to 1 meter long. The biggest individual observed measured 1,30 m.
You can find the Ribbon eel in sandy areas around reefs and lagoons of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. It can be found in very shallow waters down to 60m.
It usually stays in the same cave for months or even years and two individuals (usually adult males) can be seen sharing the same hole.
Adult male Ribbon Eel out of his hole blue yellow ribboneel underwatercreature snake
Ribbon Eels are rarely sighted out of their hole

2) ITS BEHAVIOR

males ribbon eel blue and yellow
​The ribbon eel is a carnivore which preys on small fish and other animals that swim too close to their hole.

​They can be generally observed poking their head out of their hole waiting to catch  prey as it wanders past.

 
3) ITS COLORATION TELL ITS AGE AND GENDER

Black ribbon eel juvenile male
Ribbon eels are first males: black with a yellow dorsal fin
Adult female ribbon eel
Maturing individuals become female : a blue and yellow ribbon eel
 Female Yellow Ribbon Eel
Yellow Ribbon Eels are older female, ready to find a mate
Every individual is born as male.
Juveniles and sub-adults are black with a yellow dorsal fin. When they reach adulthood, they keep the yellow fin but the body turns blue and starts developing female reproductive organs.
​When they reach their full size, they turn into female and change their color to complete yellow.
They will then find a mate, lay their eggs, and die within a month.
blackwater ribbon eel larvae juvenile
Ribbon eel Larvae on a blackwater dive- Thailand 2022
It is due to their short lifespan that the female ribbon eels are rarely observed.

The ribbon is the only protandric 
​hermaphrodite eel, meaning they are capable of changing sex to female if there is a shortage of natural females in the environment
.

Ever seen a Ribbon Eel Larvae? We regularly spot them on our blackwater dives!

Totally transparent, you would easily take them for a jelly of some sort before you see them swimming towards you with bright eyes!!
​
You can even see their tube gut (the stripe down the middle). 
Beautiful female ribbon eels
Can you guess the gender of these beautiful ones?
Beautiful ribbon eels made the show for us!

4) ITS MAJOR THREATS

.Did you know that the major threat of this species is the aquarium trade??

While writing this post, I found more websites giving advice about keeping the animal alive in captivity, or selling them, than information about the animal itself... Better to leave them in their natural habitat and observe them while scuba diving, don't you think...?

Come see them in Thailand and Myanmar while they are still around :) 

​Subscribe to our blog to learn more intersting facts about the wonderful Marine Life we have in Thailand.
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The wonderful garden eels: FAQ

27/8/2021

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Do you know garden eels? They are strange tropical fishes with serpentiform bodies and puffy faces with big eyes making them, overall … super cute.
They live in large colonies oscillating like whip coral in the currents and disappear like a mirage when you approach.
We will try in this blogpost to answer the question we most often get about these fish, in the form of a garden eel FAQ...
The wonderful garden eels: FAQ
1. Who are the garden eels?
2. Why are they called “garden eels”?
3. Where do garden eels live?
4. How do they move?
5. What do garden eels feed on?
6. How do garden eel reproduce?
7. Are garden eels dangerous?
8. How do you take photo of garden eels?

Who are the garden eels?

Garden eels, together with congers make up the congridae family. The wonderful garden eel is a medium-sized fish, up to a maximum length of 40 cm. Its body has a circular shape with a diameter of about 10 mm. They dig a burrow with their tail, which they coat with mucus to avoid collapse. 

Why are they called “garden eels”?

Garden eel close up
These small eels live in burrows on the sea floor and get their name from their practice of putting their heads off their burrows while most of their bodies remain hidden. As they tend to live in groups of up to a few hundred individuals, the many eel heads "growing" from the bottom of the sea resembles a plant garden.

Where do garden eels live?

Most eels live in the warm parts of the tropical oceans including the Andaman Sea. They can be observed from afar pocking out of "eel pits" in colonies on the sandy plains and slopes that border the coral reefs. They prefer areas swept by currents which bring them more nutrients. They burrow themselves in the sand, mud (or more rarely among the rocks). Unlike most eel species who are nocturnal, garden eels feed during the day and will retreat in their burrow at night.
Garden eels in the sand

How do garden eels move?

Although garden eels can swim freely, they prefer to bury themselves in the sand... once they are big enough to dig a hole and settle down they never leave home. The exception is during the mating season when they might come out to dig a new burrow closer to their partner...

What do garden eels feed on?

Feeding on zooplankton, garden eels catch their food drifting in the ocean current, they don't need to go far but just like plants growing higher to get more sunlight, they need to protrude from the floor to get more preys. And they do this all day! All garden eels in the colony facing the current ready for the next meal. 

How do garden eel reproduce?

During mating, garden eels intertwine their upper halves, their tails remaining in their individual burrows.
Garden eels usually only leave their original burrows to get closer to their partners during the spawning season. If two males end up too close to each other, they can fight for the territory and neighboring females. During mating, garden eels intertwine their upper halves, their tails remaining in their individual burrows. Two eels can stay this way for hours during a single mating. Garden eels are pelagic spawners; they release fertilized eggs into the open water, which then float close to the surface with the current. When eggs hatch, juveniles swim freely (and get be seen on black water dives) until they grow large enough to create their own burrows.

(photo left from Pete Atkinson)

Are garden eels dangerous?

No, Garden eels are not dangerous. Their mouth is too small to bite you, they only eat zooplankton, remember? They have no venom, no spines, and very small tooth.
In fact, these little creatures are very shy and disappear underground when divers approach. 

How do you take photo of garden eels?

Because they are so shy, it is very tricky to take photos of Garden eels. Some photographers had successful shots by holding their breath long enough… other use a remote control to get the close-up shots.
The photo below is from Pete Atkinson. When asked how he did it he answered: Habituation, patience and breath-holding: I lay on the sand and inched my way closer over about 30 mins. I would hold my breath whenever they appeared so I didn't scare them. Eventually they were so familiar with me being there they came out far enough for a few pictures. I was using a 105mm micro lens on a Nikon F4, with flash. When I breathed out they disappeared into their holes. You might be able to do this more easily with a rebreather…
Field of garden eels swaying with currents
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Enter the circus of the amazing clownfish family !

6/8/2021

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The Clownfish family, who are they ?
The Clown fish is an Anemone fish, a specialized type of damselfish. 
​The first magic trick that the clownfish is able to perform is its venom immunity:  they have a special symbiosis relationship with their host anemone. Together, they realize, for your greatest pleasure, what is called a “symbiosis relationship”. Since the eggs are laid directly under its skirt, anemone fishes are immune to anemone's stingy tentacles from day 1. It is a mutually beneficial relationship in which the anemone can feed from the fish dejection while the fish gets shelter from lurking predators.
Clown fish and their anemone
Clown fish
But the highlight of the show is probably its "transgender ability". All clownfish are born male with one female surrounded by a harem of smaller males. When the female leaves the group or dies, the larger male fish will become a female. Spoiler for the next episode: Nemo will never be able to have a little sister.

True Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and False Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris)

False clown fish are actually the most common and well known clownfish and believe it or not but Nemo, the pixar animation's star, is not the real deal, he is a false Clownfish!
​It is actually very difficult to differentiate the true from the  False Clownfish, both are bright orange with white bands separated by black lines (which are slightly thinner in the false clownfish). 
Both species can be found in the Andaman Sea of Thailand.
true clowfish (Amphiprion percula)
True clowfish
Clown fish couple
False Clown fish = Nemo

Saddle anemonefish, aka Tomato Clownfish - Amphiprion ephippium

Tomato clown fishes have an orange-red color and A. frenatus have a white vertical stripe behind the eye when they are young. The band disappears when they age and only black specks remain when they turn to females.​ There are several types of Tomato clownfish. Amphiprion ephippium, commonly known as Saddle anemonefish, is a medium-sized (5-10cm) anemonefish from the Tomato complex more common whendiving Myanmar.
tomato clownfish in tomatoe anemone
Clown fish in the reef
Female tomato clownfish

Clark's Clownfish - Amphiprion clarkii

Clarks anemonefish are very distinct in look to the other anemonefish. They are a lot darker in colour with two white lines contrasted by an orange face, tail and fins.
I love clarks because they usually hover quite high over their anemone which make them easy to spot and also because they often live with anemone crabs.
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Skunk Clownfish - Amphiprion akallopisos

Also quite easy to identify, the Skunk Clownfish is one of the smallest anemonefish (11cm) with a white band all along its back.
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Where can you see Clownfishes and anemonefishes

Habitat :Clownfish are found in the Pacific and the Andaman Sea. Different clownfish favour different anemone types. Tomato clownfish like the pretty orange bubble tip anemone while it is more common to find the clark anemonefish in the shorter carpet like anemone.
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What do clownfish eat?

Clownfish are omnivorous. They feed mainly on filamentous algae, planktonic copepods and benthic crustaceans.
Reproduction 
When a female is ready to mate, the male will perform a courtship and the female will deposit 400 to 1,000 eggs on the rock next or under their anemone host. The male will immediately pass over the patch to fertilize the eggs and the couple will then protect them until they hatch, in about 6 to 11 days. Babies clownfish will then drift with the current until they are big enough to swim and find an anemone to settle in.
clark's anemonefish mama tending to her offsprings
clark's anemonefish mama tending to her offsprings
Clownfish babies
Clownfish babies still in their eggs
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And fee free to read some more fun facts about the Andaman Sea inhabitants on our blog !
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The cuttlefish : fish, alien or something else?

26/7/2021

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The cuttlefish : fish, alien or something else?

What kind of fish is the Cuttlefish 

​The cuttlefish is actually not a fish at all! Together with the Octopus, Squids or Nautilus, they are invertebrate animals belonging to the Cephalopod family. Not to be confused with the Squid, which lives in the open water, the cuttlefish is a resident on a coral reef.

With millions of pixels like cells, Cuttlefish are the chameleons of the sea :

Their skin is breathtakingly complex, providing them with very useful benefits in nature. Indeed, they can change the appearance of their skin like : color, contrast, and even texture in less than a second both to hunt or not be hunted!
​
Thanks to the chromatophores (pigment cells reflecting light) present in its skin, the cuttlefish can either hide or display bright colours to attract its prey at arms reach. Cuttlefish protect themselves from enemies by hiding in plain sight pretending to be a rock or blending in perfectly with a patch of sand.
A cuttlefish
A couple of cuttlefish
2 cuttlefish fighting in thailand
2 males Pharaoh cuttlefish fighting for a female
Metasepia Pfefferi
Metasepia Pfefferi
Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia Pfefferi)
Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia Pfefferi)
Are cuttlefish dangerous ? 

Cuttlefish are totally harmless to Humans and usually quite inquisitive and friendly.
Not common in Thailand, the Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia Pfefferi), is the only poisonous cuttlefish. But they do not sting or bite so you would have to eat it to endanger yourself...

This species is quite small, poor swimmer, it walks on the sand thanks to two tentacles and hunts by day. The base color of Flamboyant Cuttlefish is brown, allowing them to blend in with the sands that cover the ocean floor. Nevertheless, when they hunt or seek to attract a mate for reproduction, they are true to their name and their skin takes on the colors of fire or blazing trees. Indeed, it is covered with brown but also with dark red, yellow and purple...

​The most common cuttlefish we encounter when diving in the Andaman sea are Pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) an inquisitive dive buddy!
Cheeky Cuttlefish playing lady-boy !

Surprisingly there are a lot more males than female cuttlefish (up to 11 males per female!). Which means mating is a highly competitive game for the males and the strongest individuals are ready to fight for it.

Smaller males have developed smarter techniques to get a chance…. When the male cuttlefish is wooing a lady, he often "cheats" by painting typical female patterns on one side of his body, seen by a rival male and sexy male colours on the side facing the female.

That trick cuts the aggressive behaviour of its larger rival (who only sees two females in front of him) and increases the chance for the cheeky cuttlefish to mate.

Just like Octopus can open jars, cuttlefish have proved their intelligence with this delayed gratification, if given the choice between a dead shrimp now or a live shrimp (their preference) in a minute, they will wait a minute for their favorite choice! We could say that they have more self control than most kids !
Cuttlefish saying hello to a diver
A couple of cuttlefish
A cuttlefish in the pink soft coral reef
Are the cuttlefish in danger?

Cuttlefish are not currently considered to be endangered, but some species of cuttlefish may be at risk due to various factors such as overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change.
Overfishing is a major threat to many species of cuttlefish, as they are often caught as bycatch in fishing nets or targeted for their meat and other products. Habitat destruction, including the degradation of coral reefs and coastal habitats, can also negatively impact cuttlefish populations.
Climate change is also a potential threat to cuttlefish, as rising sea temperatures and other environmental changes can alter the habitat and availability of their preferred prey, and may make it more difficult for them to survive.
It is important to carefully manage and protect cuttlefish populations to ensure that they are not threatened by these and other risks. This can include measures such as sustainable fishing practices, habitat restoration, and efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

3 more cool cuttlefish fun facts for the road :

incredible cuttlefish facts


​1- Cuttlefish are fully developed before they have hatched and can even react and change color in reaction to something they see beyond their eggshell !

2- Cuttlefish have copper based blood making it green instead of the iron based red blood making up most other earth inhabitants

3- The color Sepia, comes from cuttlefish ! The sepia colored ink they send when they are scared was used as a writing ink before 

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And fee free to read some more fun facts about the Andaman Sea inhabitants on our blog !
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10 Interesting facts About Nudibranchs

9/6/2021

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Fun Facts you many Have Never Heard About The World's Prettiest Slugs

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1- "Naked branchia", what a funny name ?

"Naked branchia", (naked gills) is the etymology of the name that was given to them. This one is explained in particular by the morphology of the nudibranch. The word Nudibranch comes from the Latin nudus meaning "naked" and the Greek brankhia (βράγχια) meaning "gills", the nudibranch is therefore by that recognizable by the absence of shell used to protect its gills.
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2- Nudibranchs come in a thousand and one colours

Nowadays, there are more than 3000 species of nudibranchs. The diversity of possible color combinations and patterns is impressive. They are all unique in their own way and are the delight of underwater photographers who are always delighted to find these mysterious and beautiful species.
Partner shrimp riding Hexabranchus Sanguineus
Spanish Dancer
Glossodoris rufomarginata
Glossodoris rufomarginata

3- Nudibranch have some rare super powers

The sensory organs of nudibranchs, the rhinophores, allow them to distinguish the chemical particles present in the water, and more particularly smell from afar potential food sources, the pheromones of sexual partners or the presence of certain threats.
Elysia marginata
Elysia marginata

4- Nudibranch are carnivorous

A true nudibranch is carnivorous and it uses its very powerful jaw to grate its food. Each specie has its preferences but it feeds mainly on sponges, bryozoans, ascidians and hydras. Many nudis feeds on toxic animals and store the toxins in specialized cells as a smart defense mechanism...
​Some species 
are cannibals, they feed on other nudibranchs, exceptionally specimens of the same species if no other food is available.
Goniobranchus geminus
Goniobranchus geminus

5- Both nudibranch parents will lay eggs!

Nudibranchs are hermaphrodites, which means that they have both a male and a female genital system.
When two nudibranchs meet, they put in contact with their genitals to exchange their male gametes, in order to fertilize their female gametes.
Thus, both will leave this encounter pregnant and give birth to baby nudibranchs doubling the Nudi Hatchlings! Smart.
Goniobranchus annulatus
Goniobranchus annulatus

6- Nudibranch can sacrifice a part of their body to save the core

The nudibranch has many powers, contraction of the body, retraction of the gills, "hedge hogging" of the papillae, secretion of toxic or acid substances, isn't he a superhero? It also has the ability to practice autotomy, that is to say that it can auto-amputee a part of the body which will regenerate itself afterwards. Just like lizard leave their tail behind, the nudibranch, will be ready to give up its branchial plumage, its rhinophore or a fragment of its mantle in order to save the essential part of its body. Small but smart !
Glossodoris hikuerensis
Glossodoris hikuerensis

7- Some nudibranchs don't need to eat

Some species of nudibranchs have the ability to store photosynthetic algae inside their bodies. They only need to eat for the first few weeks of their life and once they have enough, the algae present in its tissue provides enough energy from the light for the both of them !​
the self sufficient Pteraeolidia ianthina, aka the blue dragon
blue dragon, the self sufficient nudibranch

8- The nudibranch is a strong communicator

Just like the land snails we know, nudibranchs leave a trail behind them.
​This trail is filled with chemicals and speaks a thousand words! It can tell other nudibranchs about nearby dangers or help a potential partner to find it !
Chromodoris Goniobranchus Fidelis

9- Nudibranchs like to take it slow

Nudibranch are very slow animals, which is why they are nicknamed "sea slugs". But they are also clever ! they often live on or near their preys not to lose sight of them.

10- Nudibranch don't live long: Carpe Diem for the nudibranch!

Black and purple flat worm
Black and purple flat worm
Nudibranchs should make the most of their short lives. Indeed, while most nudibranchs live only a few weeks, the luckiest species rarely live up to over a year.

Did you like these fun facts about the cutest underwater sea slugs? Leave us a comment below and share this post with your buddies!
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Green turtles have green flesh and other interesting facts about this wonderful sea turtle

26/5/2021

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Green turtles and Hawksbill turtles are the most commonly encountered in the Andaman Sea.
​The green turtle is one of the largest sea turtles and weight on average 80 to 130 kg. Its carapace, made of fused ribs, measures on average 115 cm, but the largest ones can reach a weight of 300 kg for a carapace length of 1,5 m.

Sea turtles are cold blooded animals, belonging to the classification of reptiles, just like snakes, crocodiles or dinausaures!
Green turtle have green flesh and other interesting facts about this wonderful sea turtle

Frequently asked questions about Green Turtles

1. How to differentiate green turtles from hawksbill turtles?
2. What do green turtles eat?
3. Where can you see green turtles?
4. Can green turtle breath underwater?
5. Can you tell male and female green turtle appart?
6. What do we know about green turtles reproductions?

How to differentiate green turtles from hawksbill turtles?

        - recognize their face-
Their faces are the easiest way to differentiate green from hawksbill turtles: green turtles have a much rounder face and do not have the same beak that characterise hawksbill turtles.
Green turtle on the reef
A wonderful green turtle
How to differentiate green turtles from hawksbill sea turtles?
Green turtle VS Hawksbill turtle infographic
       - recognize their carapace - 
Their colour does not easily tell them appart, the green turtle is called this way because of the colour of its flesh but its shell can be black, brown or green.
close up on green turtle carapace pattern
Green Turtle's Carapace Comes In Many Colours and Delightful Patterns
The edge of their carapace however can tell them appart: the greens have a smooth edge while the hawkbill is more serrated with a saw-like edge.
Green sea turtle swimming at night
Green Turtles Have Smooth Edged Carapaces

What do green turtles eat?

Young green turtles are mainly carnivorous, consuming small invertebrates and fish eggs. As it grows, it becomes vegetarian and mostly feeds on seagrass. It is believed that its diet is what gives a greenish colour to its flesh. 
​

Their herbivorous diet distinguishes this species from other sea turtles. Hawksbills usually hang out in coral reefs where they feed mostly on sponges. Leatherback turtles are the long distance travelers, being pelagic, they feed exclusively on jellyfish or invertebrates that float offshore.
what do Green turtle eat?
Adult Green Turtle Grazing on Seagrass

Where can you see green turtles?

The green turtle is present in tropical and temperate waters of all oceans, but can be rare in some regions. It prefers shallow, eelgrass-rich waters (an aquatic flowering plant that occurs on the sandy or sandy seashores).
green turtle distribution map

Can green turtle breath underwater?

Despite the fact they spend their whole life in the ocean, like all other reptiles, sea turtle need air to breath. But they can hold their breath up to 5 hours and it is not uncommon to see a turtle sleeping underwater during this time. 
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Can you tell male and female green turtle appart?

It is difficult to tell males from female appart when they are young but as they mature, male's tail develop and get much bigger than their female counterparts. This photo shows a friendly adult male green turtle who lives and is often sighted in theSimilan islands.
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While females return to the beach to lay eggs, males green sea turtles are never going back on land.
green turtle male with long tail
Adult males green turtles have a much longer tail than the females

What do we know about green turtle reproduction?

The green turtle reaches sexual maturity after 20 to 50 years!
Males can mate every year but females only mate every 3 to 4 years.
​

When ready, Green turtle females usually mate with several males before heading to their birth place to lay up to 200 eggs on a quiet night. Mamma green turtle will return to the area where she was born to nest, no matter how far it is but before coming out of the water the place must be quiet and unlit.
Female green turtle laying eggs
Green Turtle Mamma Ready to Lay Her Eggs on the Quiet Beach She Was Borned On!
Babies hatch after a 6 to 7 weeks incubation and have the fend for themselves without ever meeting their parents. Only one in a thousand will reach adulthood.​
Baby green turtle still in its egg
Cute baby green turtle just hatched
Baby green turtle running to the water
Green turtles never meet their parents and
3 Green turtles Fun facts for the road!
1- the sex of the turtle comes from the temperature of the nest.
Warmer nest will give more female hatchlings, colder nest will deliver more males! 
2- Scientists have demonstrated in lab generated magnetic fields that sea turtles have the ability to detect the Earth's magnetic field and use it as an orientation cue.
3- Green 
Turtles can cry! Crying doesn't happen when they are sad but help them to clear their eyes from salt build-ups.
This green turtle seems to fly over the coral reef...
This green turtle seems to fly over the coral reef...

Picture

Reed too...

While critically endangered, The Hawksbill Turtles are the most frequently encountered turtles on our cruises, today let's learn about hawk-billed turtle or Eretmochelys imbricata...
Did you like this article? Share it!
​Read more fun facts about our Ocean's inhabitants!
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